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Chapter 21

Chapter 21. The Civil Rights Movement (1950-1968). Section 1- Demands for Civil Rights. Jackie Robinson- 1947 first African American to play MLB NAACP Brown v. Board of Education 1954 “separate but equal” was unconstitutional in public education

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Chapter 21

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  1. Chapter 21 The Civil Rights Movement (1950-1968)

  2. Section 1- Demands for Civil Rights • Jackie Robinson- 1947 first African American to play MLB • NAACP • Brown v. Board of Education 1954 • “separate but equal” was unconstitutional in public education • “I am sworn to uphold the constitutional process in this country…I will obey” Pg. 699-700

  3. Deep South angered • “Southern Manifesto” Pg. 700

  4. Montgomery Bus Boycott • Rosa Parks, 1955 • Montgomery Bus Boycott • “…tired of being segregated and humiliated… We have no alternative but to protest” • 1956, Supreme Court ruled bus segregation unconstitutional Pg. 701-702

  5. Resistance in Little Rock • Integration • Little Rock Nine • Arkansas National Guard • Eisenhower sent soldiers to protect the students Pg. 702-703

  6. Section 2- Leaders and Strategy • NAACP, 1909 • National Urban League, 1911- helped them move and find jobs • CORE, 1942- Congress of Racial Equality, peaceful confrontation Pg. 705

  7. Philosophy of Nonviolence • SCLC- 1957, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, nonviolent protests • Martin Luther King Jr. • He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964 Pg. 706-707

  8. A New Voice for Students • SNCC, 1960- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, Ella Baker and Robert Moses • Gave young activists a chance to make decisions about priorities and tactics, also wanted immediate change • “The younger generation is challenging you and me…follow our dedication to the truth to the bitter end” Baker Pg. 707-708

  9. Section 3- The Struggle Intensifies • 1943, CORE created the sit-in to desegregate the Jack Spratt Coffee House in Chicago • Worked well, businesses didn’t want to lose business or have a disruption • “badge of honor” Pg. 709-710

  10. The Freedom Rides • 1961, CORE, testing to make sure southern states were upholding their rights to ride buses • Met much violence but they continued • “If we let them stop us with violence, the movement is dead!” Diane Nash Pg. 711-712

  11. More Problems • James Meredith- “Ole Miss” incident • King jailed in Birmingham, AL • Birmingham March 1963 • Water hoses and dogs used Pg. 713-714

  12. Section 4- The Political Response • Medgar Evers NAACP • March on Washington 1963 200,000 marched for “Jobs and Freedom”, “I Have a Dream” speech Pg. 717

  13. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • Kennedy assassinated • Lyndon Johnson • Civil Rights Act of 1964- banned different voter registration, prohibited discrimination in public accommodations, banned discrimination by employers and created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, EEOC Pg. 718-719

  14. Fighting for the Vote • Selma March 1965 • Voting Rights Act of 1965- eliminated literacy tests • 24th Amendment- outlawed poll tax • Now more black Americans could vote and could be voted to office Pg. 721

  15. Section 5- Movement Takes a New Turn • Malcolm X • Joined Nation of Islam • Opposed integration • Black Nationalism- separate identity and racial unity of African Americans • Eventually disagreed with his old feelings, worked with others but was killed, 1965 Pg. 723

  16. The Black Power Movement • Stokley Carmichael • Black Power, “What we gonna start saying now is ‘Black Power’” • Black Panthers, 1966, Bobby Seale and Huey Newton • Violent encounters • Caused a split in Civil Rights • Tommie Smith, John Carlos, Peter Norman Pg. 724

  17. Tragedy in 1968 • MLK is assassinated • Riots erupt • Robert Kennedy assassinated • He wanted to stop the war and focus on civil rights • He reached out to many Americans Pg. 726

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