Comparative History in the Age of the Renaissance: Central and South Asia

1. Comparative History in the Age of the Renaissance:Central and South Asia Anand Pattabiraman Daniel Riveros John Chang Cerulean

2. Central and South Asia

3. The Indian Empires Delhi Sultanate (1206 – 1526) Deccan Empire ( 1347 – 1518) Vijayanagar Empire (1336 – 1565)

4. History • Delhi Sultanate • Qutb-ud-din Aibak (Slave state) • First Islam dynasty that ruled India • Mughal empire took over in 1562 • Sher Shah Suri regained but lost again • Deccan Empire • Revolted against Delhi Sultanate • Bahmani Empire • Conquered/expanded territory • Lost because of political unrest • Immigrants gained political power • Internal conflicts led to split

5. History • Vijayanagar Empire • Formed after Hoysala Empire to repel Muslim attacks • Expanded terretory • Conflicted with Deccan • Reached peak with Krishnadevaraya • Declined in 1565 after Battle of Talikota • Deccan Sultanates united

6. Delhi Sultunate Culture • Social • Philanthropy • Islam/Muslim oriented • Replaced Sanskrit with Persian • Economic • Monetary/Agricultural • Religion • Muslim dominated • Non Muslims paid head tax • Scientific/techonological http://www.indembassyathens.gr/Culture/culture-history-musliminvasions.htm

7. Deccan Culture • Social • Islam/Muslim • Economic • Trade (similar to Vijayanagar) • Religion • Islam/Muslim • Scientific/technological • Advanced Army • Artillery and cavalry

8. Vijayanagar Culture • Social • Hindu caste system • Patronized writers • Economic • Traded with Chinese, Portuguese, Dutch and Arabic states • Religion • Dominantly Hindu • Scientific/technological • Developed sophisticated irrigation • First army with long ranged artillery

9. Mughal Empire • Founded by Babur in 1506 • Humayun lost empire (1540) and won back (1555) • Akbar re-gained more • (1556 1707) • Absolute sovereignty • Mansabdari system • Military bureaucratic system • Invaded most of north and western India

10. Economy • Understood importance of trade • Used both sea-trade and overland trade • Free trade regime – everyone has fair chance • Faced competition with Europe • Regional specialization • Trade and commerce led to economic stability

11. Social • Diverse culture • Flourished in art and books • Women played large role • Household, political opinion, battlefield • Caste system

12. Religion • State religion changed • God-ism, Islam • Religious tolerance • Akbar hoped to unite India • Hindus appreciated, Muslims suspicious • Aurangzeb ended Akbar

13. Technology • Firearms • Dubbed the first gunpowder empire • Used other weapons to conquer India • Moveable artillery, Mughal composite bow

14. Safavid Empire

15. Religion • The Safavid empire’s declared religion was Shiism. • Shiites and Sunnis had and have many disputes due to belief. • This created tendencies between the Ottoman and the Safavid Empire. Islam Shiism Sunnism

16. Social • Caste System • Top: Shah(Ruler) • Middle: Bureaucracy/wealthy people • Low: Common/Poor People • Women • Women initially had more freedom than other women in the world. • Afterwards, there were strict rules they had to follow – veils over head.

17. Major Political • The Safavid started as a group of Turkish tribes of Shiite Descent. • The Safavid Empire was a monarchy and the rulers were called shahs (considered to hold divine powers) • The powers of the Shah helped stop rebellions and unify the empire.

18. Major Shahs • Ismail • Founder of the Safavid Empire by force. • Abbas I (Abbas the Great) • Man of the people – the great • He invaded of the Ottoman Empire • Abbas II • He created peace with Ottoman and Mughal Empires but land loss led to decline

19. Science/Technological • The Shah on a cup • Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī created: • Mathematics – Law of Sines • Biology – first sensible theory of evolution • Chemistry – matter cannot be destroyed • Gunpowder Empire • Gunpowder assisted in conquering Iran

20. Economy • Main Industry: • Textile Industry • Silk weaving • Persian Carpets • Geographical Location • Advantages: Linked different empires • Disadvantages: Were forced to avoid the Ottoman Empire

21. Summary • Islam dominated the regions • Safavid Empire was a Shiite state which used gunpowder to improve it’s military status. • The Mughal Empire had a stable government that emphasized religious tolerance for a long period of time and indulged in conquest. • India was divided into three different empires, (Delhi, Bhamani, and Vijayanagar), which were each culturally diverse but structurally similar.

22. Resources • Camper, Griffin. "Safavid Empire." Safavid Empire. 4 Nov 2007 http://sun.menloschool.org/~sportman/westernstudies/first/1718/2000/eblock/safavid/index.html. • Bankston, Carl L.. "Rise of the Gunpowder Empires." Great Events from History. Salem Press. 4 Nov 2007 <http://salempress.com/Store/samples/great_events_from_history_seventeenth/great_events_from_history_seventeenth_gunpowder.htm>. • Mukherjee, Anup. "Mughal Empire." i3pep.org. 12 APR 2005. 4 Nov 2007 <http://www.i3pep.org/archives/2005/04/12/mughal-empire/>. • Hooker, Richard. "The Mughals." World Civilizations. 06 JUN 1999. 4 Nov 2007 <http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MUGHAL/ORIGIN.HTM>. • "The Mughal Empire." BBC. BBC. 4 Nov 2007 <http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/history/mughalempire_1.shtml>. • "The Mughal Empire." Sify. 4 Nov 2007 <http://sify.com/itihaas/fullstory.php?id=13384631>. • "Mughal Empire." Insecula. Insecula. 4 Nov 2007 <http://www.insecula.com/us/article/F0010829.html>.Siddiqui, Hameed Akhtar . "HISTORY OF BAHMANIS OF DECCAN". 10/30/07             <http://www.indiancoins.8m.com/bahmani/BahmaniHist.html>. • "India." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2007. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 30  Oct.  2007  <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-46919>. •  "The Delhi Sultanate". Indianet Zone. 10/30/07 http://www.indianetzone.com/4/the_delhi_sultanate.htm. •  "The Delhi Sultanate". Rough Guides. 10/30/07 <http://www.roughguides.com/website/travel/destination/content/default.aspx?titleid=3&xid=idh328884816_1371>.