A Distinctive Framework for Adventist Nursing Empowering

1. A Distinctive Framework for Adventist Nursing Empowering

3. Empower ment • Possessing the power to have influence over someone or something. • Concept of power related to • Dominance & coercion • Authority & control • Boss & subordinates • Leader & followers • Accountability & responsibility

4. Empowerment from a Biblical worldview 2 Corinthians 12:9 • But he said to me, “My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.” Therefore I will boast all the more gladly of my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may rest upon me. Deuteronomy 31:6 • Be strong and courageous. Do not fear or be in dread of them, for it is the Lord your God who goes with you. He will not leave you or forsake you.”

5. Acts 1:8 • But you will receivepower when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.” Luke 10:19-20 • Behold, I have given you authority to tread on serpents and scorpions, and over all the power of the enemy, and nothing shall hurt you. Nevertheless, do not rejoice in this, that the spirits are subject to you, but rejoice that your names are written in heaven.”

6. Biblical ways of being empoweredJohn 14:13-17 • Prayer – • 13 And whatever you ask in My name, that I will do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son. 14 If you ask anything in My name, I will do it. • Obedience • 15 “If you love Me, keep My commandments.

7. Empowered by the Holy Spirit 16 And I will pray the Father, and He will give you another Helper, that He may abide with you forever— 17 the Spirit of truth, whom the world cannot receive, because it neither sees Him nor knows Him; but you know Him, for He dwells with you and will be in you

8. All empowerment comes ultimately from God Through the fruit of the Spirit, God's power and only God's power enables us to exhibit love, joy, peace, patience, goodness, kindness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control, which reveal the character of Christ in us. The fruit of the Spirit as described by Paul in Galatians 6:22-23

9. Some types of power related to leadership • Legitimate • Expert • Reward • Charismatic • Coercive

10. Legitimate Power • Position power or official power • Comes to the leader when the organization’s authority is accepted. • Apply to nursing and education

11. Expert Power • Authority of knowledge that comes from specialized learning • Power of knowledge and skill of a special kind that are important in getting the job done. • Professional competence or knowledge gives a person expert power and increased credibility so that others will trust their judgments and decisions. • Apply to nursing and education

12. Reward Power • The ability to reward worthy behavior. The leader has the power to give tangible rewards • Psychological rewards like praise, appreciation, approval and recognition • Apply to nursing and education

13. Charismatic Power • Power of attraction or devotion, the desire of one person to admire another. • This power helps the subordinate to understand and value the leader so much that he understands and acts according to the expectations of the leader. • It helps him act as his own boss and behave in ways he thinks the nurse/educator will want. • Apply to nursing

14. Coercive Power • It is the ability to threaten or punish. The leader can give tangible punishments • Psychological punishments include criticism, avoidance, disapproval, satirical remarks to the subordinate. • Self-esteem of the subordinate decreases because of punishment or coercive power, however it increases because of reward power. • Coercive power has no place in nursing or education

15. God empowers each individual and in turn each individual empowers others God-individual, supervisor-nurse, nurse-client, educator-student • Sense of personal control and efficacy interface • Willingness to change and take action • Links internal cognitive factors and visible action or change. • Designed to change unhealthy attitudes and behaviors in individuals

16. Equip and enable • Through the work you are called to do, God will not place you into a position or ask you to accomplish a task for which He will not fully equip and enable you. Zechariah 4:6 • Not by might nor by [your own] power, but by My Spirit says the Lord of hosts.

17. Empowering at the community level • Kar, Pascual and Chickering (1999) identified seven methods of community empowerment for health promotion, using the acronym EMPOWER: • empowerment education and training • media use and advocacy • public education and participation • organizing associations • work training and microenterprise • enabling services and support • rights protection and promotion

18. Empowering at the Individual level • A significant dichotomy: freedom of choice vs forcing compliance • Respect for a client's own values and choices conflicts with the nurse's traditional role as caregiver, utilizing the power of information, expert and health care authority to promote compliance and in the process maintaining the nurse's power position (DuPlae-Jones, 1999)

19. Nurses empowering themselves vs being empowered by God • Empowerment is a key process for nurses to • gain the skills needed to participate in the health care arena (Lewis & Urmseon , 2000). • Change the conditions which oppress people and increase quality of life. • Advocate for clients, families, and communities • Communication, negotiation and conflict resolution skills inherent to empowerment are critical for effective advocacy within health care organizations (Gordon, 2005; Moss, 2005).

20. Defining attributes of empowerment • Reciprocal interaction • Autonomy linked with accountability • Shared or transferred power • Ultimately greater access to intangible resources such as knowledge and influence (Gibson, 1991)

21. Reciprocal interactions • Empowering involves both a process and an outcome arising from mutual reciprocal interactions among people (connecting) • It links autonomy and free choice with accountability and responsibility

22. Shared power • Empowering involves shared or transferred power, with power defined in nursing as a product of skill or knowledge as opposed to coercion or pressure with the purpose of achieving intangible benefits such as knowledge, influence, health and well-being • WHO(1978) proposed empowerment as a method to enable people to increase control over and improve their own health (self-care)

23. Values • Trust and respect are foundational to the process of empowering (Hawks, 1992; Kuokkanen, 2000). • Within a trusting and respectful patient/nurse interaction, the nurse's willingness to surrender the role of health expert and vital caregiver in favor of supporting the client's freedom of choice and right to self-determination is necessary for empowering to occur (EUis-Seoll & Popkess-Vaweer, 1998)

24. Finding solutions • Empowering is described as a dynamic, positive, "democratic process" that “focuses more on solutions than on problems" • An individual's lifestyle decisions are not the only influence on health. Many health outcomes are due to external factors over which individuals have no control, such as environmental conditions, access to care, and the safety and qualify of care.

25. Change • Promoting and maintaining health through community education and collective advocacy, working together with individuals and communities, are necessary to effect change (Gibson, 1991)

26. Continuous cycle of Empowering in Nursing • Nurses need to be empowered by God and employers/supervisors/politicians to provide quality care and improve patient outcomes. • Nurses need to empower clients, families and communities for self-care and wholistic health improvement. • Nurse educators need to empower students for life-long learning and ongoing professional development.

27. Empowering implies • Inspiring and motivating patients and students to connect with God, to reach their goals of being healthy, to challenge existing paradigms, to embrace change, to face adversity and to persist, overcome and conquer difficulties in the path of wholistic well-being. • Much of inspiration and motivation are needed for empowering is done through role-modeling and mentoring.

28. Implications of Empowering • Valuing: Students and clients need to feel valued and cared for. (Caring) • Advocating, inspiring, and motivating require connecting with God, the source of life and with the individuals one desires to empower. • Assisting the client or student to connect with God and to access the resources needed for recovery from illness or to achieve healing, learning or growth.