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Proper Capitalization and Number Writing Guidelines

Learn how to capitalize words correctly and write numbers in the appropriate format in this chapter. Includes various rules and examples.

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Proper Capitalization and Number Writing Guidelines

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  1. Chapter 11 CAPITALIZATION AND NUMBERS

  2. Learning Objectives 1 To capitalize words correctly 2 To write numbers correctly in words, figures, or a combination of words and figures

  3. Capitalization Do not capitalize common nouns—a general reference to a person, place, or thing. Capitalize every proper noun—the official name of a specific person, place, or thing. Refer to CHECKPOINT 1.

  4. Capitalization (continued) Refer to CHECKPOINT 2.

  5. Capitalization (continued) Refer to CHECKPOINT 3.

  6. Capitalization (continued)

  7. Capitalization (continued) Refer to CHECKPOINT 4. Refer to APPLICATIONS 11-1 through 11-4.

  8. Numbers • In nontechnical documents, express whole numbers one through ten as words and numbers greater than ten as cardinal figures. • Spell out numbers that begin a sentence. • Express related numbers above and below ten in the same format. • Express unrelated numbers in the format appropriate for each number. • Express whole numbers and whole numbers plus simple fractions in the millions or higher as a combination of words and figures. • Write indefinite numbers as words.

  9. Numbers (continued) • For adjacent numbers modifying the same noun, use words for one number and figures for the other. • Follow company and product preference when names include numbers. Refer to CHECKPOINT 5. • Use figures for house or building numbers except for the number one. • Use ordinal numbers as words for street names one through ten; use cardinal numbers for street names over ten. • Use a.m. or p.m. for time expressed in figures only. • Use a date format that is appropriate for the situation.

  10. Numbers (continued) • Spell out ages and anniversaries when they can be expressed in fewer than two words. • To express periods of time, typically spell out numbers under ten and use figures for numbers above ten. • Express amounts of one dollar or more in figures. • Express dollar amounts of a million or more as a combination of figures and words. • Ordinarily use figures and the word cents for amounts less than one dollar. Refer to CHECKPOINT 6.

  11. Numbers (continued) • Use figures for numbers that identify people or things. • In telephone numbers, use a hyphen or period to separate the three-digit exchange from the four-digit number. • Use figures with the word percent unless the number begins the sentence (use words). • When symbols are used in technical writing and on business forms, write numbers in figures.

  12. Numbers (continued) • Express a mixed number in figures. • When common fractions are used alone, use words to express the fraction; hyphenate the fraction. • Use figures with most units of measurement, such as temperature readings, dimensions, and sizes. Refer to CHECKPOINT 7. Refer to APPLICATIONS 11-6 and 11-7. Refer to CHAPTER 11 REVIEW. Refer to APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE.

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