Challenges in Cross-Border Disaster Risk Assessment and Management

1. Challenges for cross-border disaster risk assessment and management Karmen Poljanšek SCIENCE MEETS PARLIAMENTS TYROL Cross-border management of natural hazards and regional problem solution capacities 17 September 2019 Innsbruck, Austria

2. The European Commission's Joint Research Centre at a glance 3000 staff Almost 75% are scientists and researchers. Headquarters in Brussels and research facilities located in 5 Member States.

3. DRMKC is EC initiative – September 2015 Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Centre Enhancing the Knowledge base to support Disaster Risk Management and ensuring the uptake of science in DRM policy formulation and implementation …to manage disaster risk in a more coordinate way Integrated DRM https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/

4. The DRMKC gathers together different European Commission's services, European countries and the whole community dealing with disasters to manage disaster risk in a more coordinated way.

5. When borders don’t protect us Suitability map of Aedes albopictus (vector of Zika, Chikungunya, Dengue) Flood hazard map 100-year return period EU electricity grid Earthquake hazard map 475-year return period Forest Fire danger

6. DRM without borders "to step up cooperation and coordination activities at cross-border level and between MS prone to the same type of disasters" New Union Civil Protection Mechanism Decision No 1313/2013/EU Decision (EU) 2019/420  “Effective cross-border collaboration would bring significant changes for the 37.5% of the EU population living in border areas" COR-2018-06135-00-00-PAC-TRA

7. Levels of cross-border collaboration happens when disaster strikes Pre-event phase

8. National risk assessments – WHY? 1. Understanding disaster risk New Union Civil Protection Mechanism National risk assessments (NRA) Decision No 1313/2013/EU Decision (EU) 2019/420  2. Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risks To assure that produced risk information is used effectively in decision making by stakeholders Risk management capability assessment (RMCA)

9. Is the risk behind the border managed?? Should we worry? National Risk Assessment is opportunity to identify transboundary risk zones Risk Management capability assessment is opportunity to identify needed administrative, technical and financial capacities for cross-border collaboration

10. National risk assessments – WHEN? 2010 - Risk Assessment and Mapping Guidelines for Disaster Management 2013 – First exercise on voluntary basis 2013 - New Union Civil Protection Mechanism legislation call Member states to develop risk assessment periodically by 2015 and every 3 years thereafter 2014 – Overview of Natural and Manmade Disaster Risks in the EU 2015 – Second sharing of the summary of NRAs 2017 – Overview of Natural and Man-made Disaster Risks that EU may face 2018 – Third sharing of the summary of NRAs 2019 – in preparation the EU Overview of NRAs 2019 – AmendingUnion Civil Protection Mechanism legislation where requiring a joint reporting of NRA an RMCA, for key risks (cross-border impacts, HILP) describing also priority prevention and preparedness measures every 3 years from 2020

11. Risk Management Capability Assessment – WHEN? 2013 - New Union Civil Protection Mechanism legislation call Member states to make available their Risk Management Capability Assessment every three years following the finalisation of the guidelines 2015 – Risk management Capability Guidelines 2017 – First RMCA exercise 2019 – Overview of EU Risk Management capability 2019 – AmendingUnion Civil Protection Mechanism legislation where requiring a joint reporting of NRA an RMCA, for key risks (cross-border impacts, HILP) describing also priority prevention and preparedness measures every 3 years from 2020

12. NRA and RMCA – ambitious exercise for MSs One authority with a mandate to coordinate all parties involved (e.g. Platforms for DRR) • Data-providers, technical experts and end-user (practitioners and policymakers) from different sectors at the same table • Fully embedded in • national sustainable development strategies • address all relevant issues and EU directives/policies • Enjoy the support of all stakeholders • Each RA is performed by technical team RMCA Cross-border challenges in many ways resemble national one

13. Risk Assessment meets Risk Management WHAT can RA offer to RM? Assessment of potential impacts DISASTER RISK ASSESSMENT COMPONENT OF DISASTER RISK Loss Data Sendai Framework Monitoring exposure hazard vulnerability UNDERLYING DISASTER RISK DRIVERS and CAPACITIES POTENTIAL FOR IMPACTS Understanding the drivers to act upon them DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT

14. Assessing a risk is a process – Methodology 2010 - Risk Assessment and Mapping Guidelines for Disaster Management …risk prioritization

15. Risk assessment process - Data harmonization

16. Risk assessment process Model harmonization

17. NRA - Science for policy RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NRA FOR DRM IN EU VERSION 0 • Direct contribution of 9 JRC research groups: • Droughts • Earthquakes • Floods • Biological disasters • Terrorist attacks • Nuclear Accidents • Critical Infrastructures • Chemical Accidents • Natech • Decision makers in DRM: • Ministries • Civil Protection Groups Scientific support to NRA reporting https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/knowledge/SCIENCE-FOR-DRM/Recommendations-for-National-Risk-Assessment-for-Disaster-Risk-Management-in-EU Scientific community

18. EC is developing tools, common guidelines …and more to facilitate DRM without borders • European region benefits from existence of common: • 1. legislation/directives • UCPM • EU Flood directive • The Seveso III directive • The European programme for Critical Infrastructure • EU strategy on adaptation to climate change • Directive on serious cross-border threats to health • Euratom directive… • 2. research programmes • Horizon 2020 • 3. financing instruments • EU Solidarity Fund • EU structural and investment funds European Flood Awareness System (EFAS) European Forest Fire Information System (EFFIS) DRMKC Risk Data Hub European Drought Observatory (EDO) Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System European Spatial Data (INSPIRE)

19. DRM needs Governance National Risk Assessment WHO does WHAT? Deeply imbedded in country’s administration and governmental institutions Cross-border challenges Different countries different structures Risk management planning Monitoring and evaluation Integrated DRM Requires involvement of all the sectors and many of domestic stakeholders Mutual respect for national sovereignty For transboundary zones -international bodies -communication strategies Measures implementation

20. Top down approach Recognized strategic issues If there is a will, there is a waystep by step… Bottom up approach: based on trust and understanding involve regional and local authorities in cross-border collaboration • Start building on existing EU-funded framework/projects related to DRR (first contact points and interested stakeholders): • Sharing knowledge and scientific information… • Understanding different institutional set-up, procedures, models and data in conducting RA… • Identify major gaps, institutional and technical • EU strategies to improve DRM cross border coordination: • EUSBR – Baltic Sea Region • EUSDR - Danube River Basin • EUSAIR – Adriatic and Ionian region • EUSALP – Alpine region If joint RA is perceived to be beneficial Garnering support of political leaders and domestic stakeholders needed for further collaboration – sound legal bases for joint DRM planning… Start harmonizing for RA (data, models, methodologies) and establish needed agreement • EU funded research projects: • H2020 Espresso project • IPA DRAM