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Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerves. Cranial Nerves. Special Sense Nerves I,II,VIII Somatic Motor Nerves Eye—III,IV,VI Tongue--XII “Rest of body” nerves IX,X,XI Face and jaws VII, V. Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves. Head I: Skull—a framework to hang on

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Cranial Nerves

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  1. Cranial Nerves

  2. Cranial Nerves Special Sense Nerves I,II,VIII Somatic Motor Nerves Eye—III,IV,VI Tongue--XII “Rest of body” nerves IX,X,XI Face and jaws VII, V Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  3. Head I: Skull—a framework to hang on • Overall organization of skull • Base of the skull—the hard part • Developmental view • Cranial nerves out (to “targets”) • Head II: Throat targets • Head III: Special Sense targets • Head IV: Cranial nerves in depth Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  4. SENSORY Special General Smell skin Vision teeth Hearing eye tongue oral cavity nasal cavity middle ear throat meninges MOTOR Muscles Glands eyes salivary extrinsic sweat intrinsic lacrimal jaws mucous facial expression larynx tongue throat ear Nerve “targets” in head Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  5. Base of the skull—cranial nerves out • Ethmoid (olfactory) I. Olfactory • Sphenoid (optic) II. Optic III. Oculomotor IV. Trochlear VI. Abducens • Temporal (otic) VII. Acoustic/Auditory/ Vestibulocochlear • Face/Jaws V. Trigeminal VII. Facial • Throat (rest of body) IX Glossopharyngeal X. Vagus XI. Spinal Accessory XII. Hypoglosal Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  6. Cranial nerves

  7. Cranial nerves

  8. NERVE TARGET EXIT FROM CRANIAL CAVITY I. Olfactory Olfactory epithelium Cribiform plate (ethmoid) II. Optic Retina Optic canal (sphenoid) VIII. Auditory Inner ear Internal auditory meatus (temporal) Special Sense Nerves Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  9. M&M, Table 14.3 Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  10. NERVE TARGET EXIT CR. CAVITY IV. Trochlear Superior oblique m. (with trochlea) Sup. Orbital fissure (sphenoid) VI. Abducens Lateral rectus “ III. Oculomotor (Also parasympathetic to ciliary mm, constrictor pupillae) • Sup.,med.,inf.rectus • Inferior Oblique • Levator palpebrae superioris “ XII. Hypoglossal Intrinsic, extrinsic mm. of tongue Hypoglossal canal (occipital) Somatic Motor Nerves(eye muscles and tongue) Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  11. Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  12. Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  13. Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  14. Cranial nerves

  15. Cranial nerves

  16. “Rest of body” nerves(all exit from jugular foramen) Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  17. Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  18. Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  19. VII: Facial Nerve(exits cranial cavity with VIII--internal auditory meatus) • Facial muscles (five branches fan out over face from stylomastoid foramen) • Temporal • Zygomatic • Buccal • Mandibular • Cervical • “chorda tympani” (crosses interior ear drum to join V3 ) • Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue • Submandibular, sublingual salivary glands • Lacrimal glands Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  20. Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  21. V: Trigeminal (3 nerves in 1!) • V1. Ophthalmic • Exits with eye muscle group (superior orbital fissure, through orbit to superior orbital notch/foramina) • Sensory to forehead, nasal cavity • V2. Maxillary • Exits foramen rotundum through wall of maxillary sinus to inferior orbital foramina) • Sensory to cheek, upper lip, teeth, nasal cavity • V3. Mandibular • Exits foramen ovale to mandibular foramen to mental foramen • Motor to jaw muscles--Masseter, temporalis, pterygoids, digastric • Sensory to chin • Sensory to tongue Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  22. Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  23. Human Anatomy, Frolich, Head/Neck IV: Cranial Nerves

  24. I: Olfactory II: Optic III: Oculomotor IV: Trochlear V: Trigeminal VI: Abducens VII: Facial VIII:Vestibulocochlear Acoustic IX: Glossopharyngeal X: Vagus XI: Accessory XII: Hypoglossal Cranial Nerves http://www.gwc.maricopa.edu/class/bio201/cn/cranial.htm

  25. On Old Olympus’ Tower Top A Fin And German Viewed A Hop Mnemonic

  26. OLFACTORY OPTIC OCULOMOTOR TROCHLEAR TRIGEMINAL ABDUCENS FACIAL VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL VAGUS ACCESSORY HYPOGLOSSAL OH ONCE ONE TAKES THE ANATOMY FINAL VERY GOOD VACATION A-HEAD MNEMONIC

  27. Cranial nerve I Function: smell Clinical test for damage: determine whether a person can smell something aromatic CN I: OLFACTORY

  28. Cranial nerve II Function: vision Clinical test for damage: tests peripheral vision and visual acuity Effects of damage: blindness in part or all of the visual field CN II: OPTIC

  29. CNIII: OCULOMOTOR • Cranial nerve III • Function: • eye movements, opening of eyelid, constriction of pupil, focusing, proprioception • Clinical tests for injury: • differences in pupil size; pupillary response to light; eye tracking • Effects of damage • dropping eyelid, dilated pupil, double vision

  30. CNIV: TROCHLEAR • Cranial nerve IV • Function: eye movements and proprioception • Clinical test for injury: ability to rotate eye inferolaterally • Effects of damage – double vision, patient tilts head toward affected side

  31. CN V: TRIGEMINAL • Cranial nerve V • Function: sensory nerve of the face • Clinical test for injury: • corneal reflex; sense of touch, pain, and temperature; clench teeth; move mandible side to side • Effects of damage: • loss of sensation and impaired chewing

  32. Cranial Nerve VI Function: Eye movements Clinical test: lateral eye movement Effects of damage: inability to rotate eye laterally; at rest – eye rotates medially because of action of antagonistic muscles Cranial Nerve VII Function: facial expression; sense of taste Clinical test: motor functions – close eyes, smile, whistle, frown, raise eyebrows; taste Effects of damage: inability to control facial muscles; distorted sense of taste CN VI: ABDUCENS AND CN VII: FACIAL

  33. CN VIII: VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR • Cranial Nerve VIII • Function: hearing and equilibrium • Clinical tests: test hearing, balance, and ability to walk a straight line • Effects of damage: deafness, dizziness, nausea, loss of balance, and nystagmus

  34. Cranial Nerve IX Function: swallowing, salivation, gagging; touch, pressure, taste, and pain sensations from tongue, pharynx, and outer ear Clinical tests: gag reflex, swallowing, and coughing Effects of damage: difficulty swallowing Cranial Nerve X Function: swallowing; taste; speech; respiratory, CV, and GI regulation; sensations of hunger, fullness, and intestinal discomfort Clinical tests: test with cranial nerve IX Effects of damage: hoarseness or loss of voice; impaired swallowing and GI motility CN IX: GLOSSOPHARANGEAL AND CN X: VAGUS

  35. Cranial Nerve XI Function: swallowing; head, neck, and shoulder movements Clinical tests: rotate head and shrug shoulders against resistance Effects of damage: impaired movement of head, neck, and shoulders; paralysis of sternocleidomastoid Cranial Nerve XII Function: tongue movements of speech, food manipulation, and swallowing Clinical test: tongue function Effects of damage: difficulty in speech and swallowing; atrophy of tongue; inability to stick out (protrude) tongue CN XI: ACCESSORY AND CN XII: HYPOGLOSSAL

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