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Summarizing and Presenting Data

Summarizing and Presenting Data. Statistics. The scientific study of numerical data based upon variation in nature. Some Definitions. Observations Datum/Data Variable Statistical Population Sample. Descriptive Statistics. Statistics of Location Average (Mean) Median Mode

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Summarizing and Presenting Data

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  1. Summarizing and Presenting Data

  2. Statistics The scientific study of numerical data based upon variation in nature.

  3. Some Definitions • Observations • Datum/Data • Variable • Statistical Population • Sample

  4. Descriptive Statistics • Statistics of Location • Average (Mean) • Median • Mode • Statistics of Dispersion • Range • Standard Deviation

  5. Calculating an Average

  6. i Xi 1 2 2 3 3 5 4 8 5 10 n ∑Xi i=1 Calculating an Average = X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5 = 2 + 3 + 5 + 8 + 10 = 28

  7. i Xi 1 2 2 3 3 5 4 8 5 10 n = (∑Xi)/n X i=1 Calculating an Average = (X1 + X2 + X3 + X4 + X5)/n = (2 + 3 + 5 + 8 + 10)/5 = 28/5 = 5.6

  8. Calculating a Standard Deviation

  9. Calculating a Standard Deviation

  10. Calculating a Standard Deviation

  11. Calculating a Standard Deviation

  12. Calculating a Standard Deviation Xi (Xi)2 2 4 3 9 5 25 8 64 10100 28 202

  13. Calculating a Standard Deviation

  14. 2 ( Calculating a Standard Deviation

  15. Calculating a Standard Deviation

  16. ( Calculating a Standard Deviation

  17. Calculating a Standard Deviation

  18. Calculating a Standard Deviation

  19. TABLE I The Effects of High Fat Versus Low Fat Diets on Rat Weights and Lengths AVERAGE AVERAGE DIET WEIGHT LENGTH TYPE (g) (cm) high fat 545.5 55.3 low fat 346.7 53.2 Presenting Tables

  20. Graphing Data

  21. frequency Figure 1. Frequency histogram of number of seeds per pod for koa haole, Leucaena leucocephala, seed pods. Presenting Graphs

  22. weight (g) Figure 2. Weight-length relationships of koa haole, Leucaena leucocephala, seed pods. Presenting Graphs

  23. Rules for Tables and Figures • Each figure or table must be identified by a figure or table reference number • Each figure or table must have a clear descriptive title. If the figure or table refers to biological specimens, then the scientific names of these specimens are generally referred to in the title

  24. Rules for Tables and Figures • In tables, column/row headings should clear identify the variable and its units of measure • In figures such as graphs, the axes should be clearly labeled and the units of measure indicated • In figures, such as diagrams or maps, the pertinent features should be clearly labeled

  25. Rules for Tables and Figures • Do not cram figures and graphs into a small space on a sheet of paper; try to fill up a whole sheet of paper • A general rule of thumb is that each figure/table should be able to stand alone without forcing the reader to read additional text to understand it

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