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Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

Rocks: Mineral Mixtures. Chapter 4. Rock Definition. Solid mixture of one or more minerals. Rock Cycle. Process in which one rock type changes into another rock type Three Rock types: Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic. Rock Cycle Mechanics: Sedimentary. Weathering and Erosion

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Rocks: Mineral Mixtures

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  1. Rocks: Mineral Mixtures Chapter 4

  2. Rock Definition • Solid mixture of one or more minerals

  3. Rock Cycle • Process in which one rock type changes into another rock type • Three Rock types: • Igneous • Sedimentary • Metamorphic

  4. Rock Cycle Mechanics: Sedimentary • Weathering and Erosion • Forms clasts or grains • Deposition • Compacting and Cementing • Glues rock together, usually in layers

  5. Metamorphism Mechanics • Metamorphism • Rock undergoes Heat and Pressure

  6. Igneous Mechanics • Melting • Magma under crust • Lava on Earth’s surface • Cooling • Solidification

  7. Rock Classification • Color • Composition • Minerals determine make-up of the rock • Texture • Size and shape of grains • Fine • Medium • Coarse

  8. Igneous Rocks • Rock formed from cooling magma or lava • Three ways rock can melt: • Increase in temperature • Release of pressure • Composition • Fluids and gases can lower melting point of rock • Rocks will freeze between 700 and 1,250 • Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius • Comes from Latin word for “fire”

  9. Felsic Lightweight Light in color High silica Mafic Dark in color Dense or heavy Low silica Composition

  10. Intrusive Coarse grained Cools below crust Cools slowly Extrusive Fine grained Cools above the crust Cools quickly Texture

  11. Composition and Texture

  12. Igneous Structures • Volcanic necks • Pluton and Batholith • Lava flows and sills

  13. Sedimentary rocks • Rock that is formed when sediments are compacted and cemented together • Dissolved minerals in solution glue sediments together • Forms at or near the Earth’s surface • Sediment rocks form in layers known as strata

  14. Sedimentary Rocks

  15. Composition of Sedimentary rocks • Classified by way it forms • Classifications: • Clastic • Chemical • Organic

  16. Clastic Sedimentary • Made of fragments of other rocks • Grain size helps identify rock • Coarse = Conglomerate • Medium = Sand/siltstone • Fine = Shale

  17. Chemical Sedimentary • Forms from solutions of minerals and water • Precipitation dissolves minerals • Rock forms through evaporation, or will crystallize out of water solution

  18. Organic Sedimentary • Comprised of the remains of once living organisms • Some limestone is formed this way • Comprised of Calcium Carbonate • Reacts with acid

  19. Sedimentary Rock Structure • Stratification • Layering of sedimentary rock • Layers are called Strata

  20. Metamorphic Rocks • Meta = Changed Morphos = Shape • Rock that forms when composition and texture of preexisting rock is changed by heat and pressure • Enlargement and rearrangement of grains • Change occurs deep underground (plate tectonics) • Two Common Types • Regional Contact

  21. Contact Rock does not melt, but cooks into new rock Regional Enormous pressure Due to crust colliding Found near continental formations (mountains) Metamorphism Types

  22. Composition • Conditions allow for minerals to combine making new rocks • Some minerals will only form at certain pressure and heat ranges

  23. Foliated Mineral grains aligned due to pressure Nonfoliated Lacks mineral alignment Commonly made of one or a few minerals Texture

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