Active Transport

1. Active Transport

2. It is possible for particles to travel in the reverse direction across the membrane and have particles travel from an area of _______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration, but in order to counteract the force of diffusion the cell must expend energy. This process is called _______________. Low High Active Transport

3. Active transport is the movement of materials through a membrane ____________ a concentration gradient. Active transport requires ____________. AGAINST ENERGY

4. high concentration low concentration

5. The energy for active transport comes from ______(Adenosine Triphosphate) generated inside mitochondria. ATP

6. This process requires specialized proteins, which are __________ proteins to bind with the particle and transport it. Carrier

7. Example: Sodium/Potassium pump in cell membranes.

9. Summary of Passive and Active Transport: & Osmosis GREAT PICTURE

10. Thus, far we have talked about the movement of __________ particles traveling across the membrane. Small

11. However, __________ particles are able to cross to and do so by any of these four active transport processes: Large • Exocytosis • Endocytosis • Pinocytosis • Phagocytosis

12. Root Greek or Latin meaning Endo- inside, within Exo- external, out Phago- eat Pino- drink

13. Endocytosis vs Exocytosis: BOTH REQUIRE ENERGY Large particles are transported across the membrane in membrane bound vesicles.

14. Endocytosis: • The process where a cell surrounds and takes _____ material from its environments. • The particle does not pass through the membrane, it is simply __________ and enclosed in engulfed

15. Exocytosis: • The reverse process where materials are ______________ or secreted from a cell. • This is used to ____________ and secreted substances (hormones) produced by the cell. expelled rid wastes

16. When exocytosis is getting rid of cell wastes, the process is called ___________ • When exocytosis is pushing useful substances out of the cell, then the process is known as ____________ excretion secretion

17. Endocytosis Exocytosis

18. Pinocytosis vs. Phagocytosis Both take materials IN

19. Pinocytosis: (DRINKS) • Pinocytosis is when the cell ________. • Pinocytosis deals with __________. • Pinocytosis is a process that is happening all of the time. • The liquid is enclosed in “vesicles”, formed by invagination of the plasma membrane. These vesicles then move into the cell. pinches liquids

20. Pinocytosis

21. Phagocytosis: • Phagocytosis is when the cell _______ • Phagocytosis deals with _________. • Once the vesicle has formed, it travels into the cytoplasm where it will fuse with ___________ that will kill and digest the engulfed material. • Phagocytosis is process the human body uses to destroy dead or foreign _______. engulfs solids lysosome cells

22. Phagocytosis Used by white blood cells to engulf bacteria or infected cells

23. Phagocytosis movie Phagocytosis 2movie