The Present Perfect & The Past Perfect ~Veronica Rizzo

1. The Present Perfect & The Past Perfect~Veronica Rizzo

2. When do we use the Present Perfect and the Past Perfect? • The Present Perfect tense in Spanish is equivalent to “Has verbed” or “Have verbed” in English • The Past Perfect tense in Spanish is equivalent to “Had verbed” in English

3. A visual of the two tenses: Past Perfect Present Perfect Today

4. What do they mean on the timeline? • The Present Perfect represents an action that begins in the past and continues to the present. • The Past Perfect describes an action that both started and ended in the past, and has nothing to do with the present.

5. How do you form the Present Perfect tense? • The verb, haber, which means “has” must be used. • In the Present Perfect, haber is in the PRESENT form. • Following haber is a past participle! ***Past participles will be explained and explored in a few slides!***

6. Haber in the present form~Present Perfect~ Haber: YoHe TúHas Él/Ella/UstedHa NosotrosHemos VosotrosHabéis Ellos/ Ellas/ UstedesHan

7. How do you form the Past Perfect tense? • The verb, haber, is also used in this tense. It still means “to have.” • This time, haber is used in the imperfect tense. • After haber is used in the imperfect form, it is followed by a past participle.

8. Haber in the Imperfect form~Past Perfect~ Haber: YoHabía TúHabías Él/Ella/UstedHabía NosotrosHabíamos VosotrosHabíais Ellos/Ellas/UstedesHabían

9. Past Participles • A past participle follows haber in the present perfect and the past perfect tenses. • Equivalent to “ed” -Examples: WalkED, run, read, conversed • In these tenses, haber MUST be followed by a past participle.

10. Formation of Past Participles Verb in infinitive formdrop –ar/-er/-irendingaddending, either ado or ido -arverbsadoex: Hablado(hablar) -er/-ir verbs idoex: Comido (comer) ex: Salido (salir)

11. Examples Using Past Participles • I have walked the dog. (present perfect) Yo he corrido el perro. • We had swum at the beach. Nosotroshabíamosnadado a la playa. • She has visited the school. Ella ha visitado la escuela.

12. Accents with Past Participles • The past participles of–er or –ir verbs whose stem ends in an –a, -e or –o carry a written accent over the “i” in –ido • Examples: Caer= Caído Leer= Leído Reír= Reído Example: You had read the book. Tú habías leído el libro.

13. Note: Past Participles can be used as adjectives • In this case, they agree in number and gender and follow the word they are describing. • Also, for obvious reasons, haber is NOT needed, for when past participles are used as adjectives, it is not in the past perfect or present perfect tenses. • Ex: The spoken words= Las palabras habladas

14. Irregular Past Participles • There are 13 irregular past participles that are THE SAME in both the present perfect and the past perfect.

15. Acronym to remember the 13 irregulars: All Cats Dance Methodically Each Day Very Religiously, Play Video games, Read & Do Homework

16. Abrir=opened=abierto Cubrir=covered=cubierto Describir=described=descubierto Morir=died=muerto Esbribir=written=escrito Describir=described=descrito Volver=returned=vuelto Resolver=resolved=resuelto Poner=put=puesto Ver=seen=visto Romper=broken=roto Decir-=told=dicho Hacer=made=hecho

17. Examples: • The boy has broken the bathroom El chico ha roto el baño. • You (pl familiar) had run on the street. Vosotroshabíaiscorrido en el calle. • I have written the homework. Yo he escrito la tarea. • They had made the bed. Ellashanhecho la cama.