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Breast-Health Screening Perceptions of Chinese Canadian Immigrant Women . Immigrant & Racialized Women’s Health Conference February 21, 2014 Heidi Sin RN, PhD. Outline. Problem and purpose of the study Approach Research questions S tudy participants Data collection
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Breast-Health Screening Perceptions of Chinese Canadian Immigrant Women Immigrant & Racialized Women’s Health Conference February 21, 2014 Heidi Sin RN, PhD
Outline • Problem and purpose of the study • Approach • Research questions • Study participants • Data collection • Results and Interpretation • Recommendations • Implications for Practices
Problem • Breast cancer is a prominent type of cancer in women. • Breast cancer accounted for 458,000 deaths globally. • In Canada, 22,700 individuals diagnosed with breast cancer along with 5,100 cancer-related deaths in 2012. • Regular breast-health screening could reduce mortality from breast cancer. • Screening rate was low within ethno-cultural groups. • Result in high mortality and morbidity.
Purpose To explore the perceptions of breast-health screening among Chinese Canadian immigrant women, aged 30 to 69 and barriers that prevented them from having breast-health screening.
Research Method and Design • Qualitative case study • Demographic survey • Semistructured interview • Focus group
Research Question What are the perceptions of breast-health screening among Chinese Canadian immigrant women aged 30 to 69?
Research Subquestions • Types of preventive health measures • Perceived benefits of breast-health screening • Obstacles to breast-health screening • Females’ perceptions of condition, situations, or contexts that influence their lived experiences with breast-health screening • Perceived role of breast-health screening
Characteristics of population • Chinese women aged 30 to 69. • Born and received education in mainland China. • First language is Mandarin. • Have immigrated to Canada for 5 years or less. • Residents in the Greater Toronto Area. • Acquired no history of breast cancer. • Approached Welcome Centre Immigrant Services-Markham South or The Cross-Cultural Community Services Association.
Data Collection • Pilot study • Fifteen semistructured interviews • Two focus groups
Results and Interpretations Subquestion 1: What types of preventive health measures used by Chinese Canadian immigrant women? Theme: Influence of Chinese cultural beliefs and practices to maintain health • Healthy eating • Physical activities • Positive attitude • Regular daily activities
Results and Interpretations Subquestion 2: What are the perceived benefits of breast-health screening for Chinese Canadian immigrant women? Theme: Important role of a female caregiver in a family • Early detection of breast cancer • Prevention of illness • Beneficial to individuals and family members
Results and Interpretations Subquestion 3: What are the obstacles to breast-health screening for Chinese Canadian immigrant women? Theme: Accessibility to and utilization of screening services • Lack of knowledge • Inconvenience • Language proficiency • Embarrassment • Perceived illness • Radiation • Cost
Results and Interpretations Subquestion 4: What are the females’ perceptions of condition, situations, or contexts that influence their lived experiences with breast-health screening? Two themes: Lack of preventive health concept and experiences affect participation Lack of preventive health concept • Perceived illnesses • Awareness of breast cancer impact
Results and Interpretations Subquestion 4: What are the females’ perceptions of condition, situations, or contexts that influence their lived experiences with breast-health screening? Theme: Experiences affect participation • Positive / negative perceptions of screening • Someone with breast cancer • Screening experiences • Screening instructions • Positive / negative emotional responses
Results and Interpretations Subquestion 5: What perceived role does breast-health screening play in Chinese Canadian immigrant women’s health? Theme: Lack of information about breast-health screening program • Benefits of screening • Importance of screening • Individual responsibility • Breast-health screening program • Current health status
Recommendations • Develop culturally-sensitive linguistic programs and educational materials in consideration of Chinese health beliefs. • Establish better communication between health care providers and clients and recommendation by physicians. • Include breast-health screening as a standard item within annual check-up. • Promotion of breast-health screening through ethnic media.
Recommendations • Expand the operating hours for screening clinic and initiation of mobile women’s clinic. • Provide translation services, comfortable and supportive environment at the breast-health screening clinics. • Provide linguistic culturally educational program to include preventive health concept. • Provide community-based outreach educational programs and a lay health educator program.
Implications for Practices To increase participation in breast-health screening: • Increase knowledge. • Reduce perceived barriers, facilitate perceived benefits, minimize negative experiences. • Promote self care message. • Involve physicians. • Send reminders through a systematic approach. • Remove embarrassment by given options. • Review health organizations role. • Conduct further longitudinal studies.
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