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Cost Effective Approaches to Improving Highway Safety

Thomas M. Welch State Safety Engineer Office of Traffic & Safety Iowa DOT tom.welch.@dot.iowa.gov. Cost Effective Approaches to Improving Highway Safety. April 2005. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 1.2 million people will die as a result of road crashes this year –

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Cost Effective Approaches to Improving Highway Safety

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  1. Thomas M. WelchState Safety EngineerOffice of Traffic & SafetyIowa DOT tom.welch.@dot.iowa.gov Cost Effective Approaches to Improving Highway Safety April 2005

  2. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 1.2 million people will die as a result of road crashes this year – more than 3200 deaths each day ROAD SAFETY IS NO ACCIDENT

  3. 1 Murderevery 7.9 days 1 Aggravated Assault every 87 minutes 1 Violent Crime every 70 minutes 1 Property Crime every 6 minutes 1 Crime every 5.5 minutes 1 Fatality every 19 hours 1 Injury every 15 minutes 1 Property Damageevery 10 minutes 1 Crash every 8 minutes Iowa CrimeCrashClock(2000 data)

  4. Global Safety Comparisons(Fatality Rate – 2002 data - deaths/1B kmVT) • United Kingdom 7.5 • Netherlands 7.6 • Sweden 8.3 • Norway 8.3 • Switzerland 8.4 • Finland 8.5 • Australia 9.0 • Denmark 9.2 • Canada 9.3 • Germany 11.1 Top 11 shown without the United States. Where do we rank? (Source: IRTAD 2004)

  5. Global Safety Comparisons(Fatality Rate – 2002 data - deaths/1B kmVT) • United Kingdom 7.5 • Netherlands 7.6 • Sweden 8.3 • Norway 8.3 • Switzerland 8.4 • Finland 8.5 • Australia 9.0 • Denmark 9.2 • Canada 9.3 • USA 9.4 • Germany 11.1 10th (Source: IRTAD 2004)

  6. The Problem - Today US Highway deaths have remained relatively constant– 42,643 (2003) 43,005 (2002) and… Jack Trice Stadium – Ames, IA The fatality rate is unacceptably high: 1.48 deaths per 100 million VMT

  7. Treatments Must Be EffectiveandCost Effective

  8. Iowa DOT’s SafetyInvestment Focus Emphasis on Reducing Fatal and Major Injury Crashes

  9. Iowa Crash Deaths Associated with Key Areas *2004 Preliminary

  10. Iowa Seatbelt Usage • 86% Seat Belt Usage • The 14% Unbelted represent ~55% of Iowa’s Fatalities

  11. Iowa’s Roadway-Related Fatal Crashes 52% of Iowa’s fatalities are related to Lane Departure 39% of Iowa’s fatal crashes are single-vehicle ROR(Run-Off-Road)

  12. Safety Investment Strategy Candidate Safety Projects Paved shoulders Milled in shoulder rumble strips 2-lane shoulder widening High severity crash 2-lane roads High crash curves Centerline rumble strips Cross-median head-on crashes High severity crash intersections Expressway intersections 7 of 9address RORcrashes

  13. Primary Highway High-Crash Curves • Statewide curve average = 1.1 crashes / MVM • Top 30 average = 11.7 crashes / MVM • Worst Curve = 78 crashes / MVM • 5% of crashes occur attop 30 locations (1% of curves) • 11% of fatal crashes occur attop 30 locations

  14. Curve Improvements • Improve superelevation • Pave shoulders • Add shoulder rumble strips • Flatten foreslopes • Remove fixed objects • Delineate with chevrons / pavement markings • Ball bank advisory speed

  15. Bigger and Brighter Curveand Chevron Signs US 6, Johnson County

  16. Bigger and Brighter Curve and Chevron Signs

  17. Inside CurvePaved Shoulder with Rumble Strip

  18. Outside CurvePaved Shoulder with Rumble

  19. Advanced Curve Warning Initiative Pennsylvania DOT

  20. Rumble Warning Panelin Advance of Curve US 18, Palo Alto County

  21. No Shoulders, Steep Slopes

  22. Shoulder Drop-off “Edge Rut”

  23. Two Feet Paved Shoulder,Flat (6:1) Foreslope

  24. Paved Shoulders New Iowa DOT Policy:4 Feet Paved Shoulders (6 ft shoulders shown)

  25. Rolled-in Shoulder Rumble Strips

  26. Milled-in Shoulder Rumble Strips Photos: Pennsylvania DOT

  27. Paint in Milled Rumble Strip I-75 Michigan

  28. Paint in Milled Rumble Strip Normal Edgeline Rumble Edgeline Comparison of painted edgeline in Rain Photo: Michigan DOT

  29. Milled Centerline Rumble Strips 2 Milled Strips @ 4 ft spacings

  30. Minnesota: Centerline Rumble Strips MN State Rte 23, 2-lane St. Cloud to Willmar 50 miles Installed 2000

  31. Night Performance ofPavement Markings Photos courtesy of 3M

  32. Pavement Markings Milled-in Tape NEW Water-based paint

  33. Florida 6-inch Markings and Raised Pavement Markings (RPMs)

  34. Brighter Signs & Pavement Markings Iowa Hwy 76Clayton Co.

  35. Brighter Signs & Pavement Markings I-35Ankeny

  36. Utility Pole Relocation / Consolidation BEFORE AFTER Pennsylvania DOTDigitally Enhanced Photographs

  37. Utility PoleDelineation

  38. Clear Zone: Guys & Push Poles • Watch clear zone encroachment • Mark guy wires for snowmobiles • Breakaway guy wires

  39. Tree Removal BEFORE AFTER Pennsylvania DOTDigitally Enhanced Photographs

  40. SlopeFlattening & Day Lighting BEFORE AFTER Pennsylvania DOTDigitally Enhanced Photographs

  41. Daylight: Intersections, Drives • Vegetation: crops, bushes • Cut or fill problem • Signs & poles

  42. Culverts • Consider Drop Inlets

  43. Mailboxes • Replace with breakaway posts and well-fastened boxes

  44. Cross Slopes (Transverse) • Flatten to avoid impacts or ramping • Remove or grate pipe hazards

  45. Rip Rap • Foreslope and toe: maximum 4 inch • Backslope: any size? • Do not create a wall

  46. Skid Resistance FrictionProgram

  47. Median Cable (Brifen) • Successful in Oklahoma City • Successful on I-35 near Ankeny • Easy to maintain and replace

  48. Use More Traditional Cable I-80 Western Iowa

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