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Understand the basic structure and operation of linear and circular accelerators. Learn how charged particles are accelerated using electric and magnetic fields in a controlled environment. Explore the capabilities and limitations of particle accelerators in modern experimentation.
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Presentation ON Particle Accelerator B.Sc.II, Paper VIII ( IIISemester) By Dr. Mrs. Maheshmalkar P.R.
Particle Accelerator- Any device that accelerates charged particles to very high speeds using electric and/or magnetic fields Basic Structure of Experimentation
Modern accelerators fall into two basic categories: • Linear Accelerators- In linear accelerators, particles are accelerated in a straight line, often with a target at one to create a collision • Circular Accelerators-Circular accelerators propel particles along a circular path using electromagnets until the particles reach desired speeds/energies • Particles are accelerated in one direction around the accelerator, while anti-particles are accelerated in the opposite direction
Linear accelerator (LINAC) l1 l2 l3 l4 l5 l6 l7 Source of particles RF generator with fixed frequency Metallic drift tubes ~ • Particles exit from the source and are accelerated by the potential of the first drift tube • While the particles travel through the drift tube, the sign of the potential reverses • The particles exit from the first drift tube and are accelerated by the potential of the second drift tube • As the speed of the particles increases, the distance between two tubes increases
+ + li • Energy of a particle after the first tube: • U0 is the maximum voltage of the RF generator and s the average phase of the particle between the two tubes Consequence: it not a possible to accelerate continuous beam, the particles are accelerated in bunches, the average bunch length is between less than 1 mm up to 1 m
