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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Today’s Issues: Latin America. Objectives. You will be able to: Describe the uses of the rain forest; Explain the social costs of the destruction of the rain forest; Discuss how destruction of te rain forest can be prevented. Section 1. Rain Forest Resources

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Today’s Issues: Latin America

  2. Objectives • You will be able to: • Describe the uses of the rain forest; • Explain the social costs of the destruction of the rain forest; • Discuss how destruction of te rain forest can be prevented.

  3. Section 1 • Rain Forest Resources • Can you name a few?

  4. Rain Forest Land Uses • Global resource • Cleans atmosphere • Regulates climate • Shelter/millions species • Biodiversity • Losing 50 million acres per year – soil erosion • Demand for timber, farmland, pasture • Not very fertile – soon clearing more

  5. Some favorite and familiar tropical rainforest area foods and products : • Avocado, Macadamia nuts, Breadfruit, Manioc/tapioca, Brazil nuts, Mayonnaise (coconut oil), Cane sugar (Saccharin officious, indigenous to the Far East), Okra, Cassava, Papaya, Chayote, Passion fruit, Chewing gum (chicle latex), Plantain, Eucalyptus oil (cough drops, perfumes), Star anise, Guava, Tolu balsam oil (cough drops, confections, soap, cosmetics), Hearts of palm, Vermouth (cascarilla oil) Cassava root Star Anise Breadfruit Avocado

  6. Pharmaceuticals derived from tropical plants • Annato-Red dye, Curare-Muscle relaxant for surgery, Diogenin-Arthritis and Asthma treatments, steroids, birth control pills, sex hormones, Quassia-Insecticide, Quinine-Anti-malarial treatment, pneumonia treatment, Reserpine-Sedative, tranquilizer, Strophanthus-Heart disease, Strychnine-Emetic, stimulant, Tuba root -Rotenone, flea dip

  7. biodiversity • Wide range of plant and animal species

  8. deforestation • The cutting down and clearing away of trees.

  9. global warming • The build up of carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, preventing heat from escaping into space and causing rising temperatures and shifting weather patterns. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/26566-earth-science-global-warming-video.htm

  10. Shrinking Ice Caps

  11. debt-for-nature swap • A plan where an environmental group will pay off a certain amount of governmental dept. In exchange the government agrees to protect a certain portion of the rain forest.

  12. Population Pressures • Over ½ ARF in Brazil • Growing population • Helping ARF decline • 2000 population • 172 million • 200 million by 2020 • Homes needed: shelter • Developers building

  13. The Price of Destruction • Costs of deforestation • Regulate climate • Breathe in CO², produce oxygen • CO² builds up in atmosphere • Prevents heat escape • Global warming results • Slash & burn • Produces CO² & other harmful gasses

  14. Looking for Solutions • Balancing act • Balance interests? Economy vs Preservation • Restrain growth? • Economic counters • Debt-for-nature swaps • Pay off debt • Preserve rain forest • World-wide stake in the outcome

  15. Section 2 • Giving Citizens a Voice

  16. Objectives • Describe the struggle for democratic government in Latin America. • Identify some conditions for establishing stable democracies.

  17. Giving Citizens a Voice • How can Latin Americans gain a voice in government?

  18. oligarchy • The government by the few. Russia South Africa

  19. junta • A government run and controlled by generals (military). Myanmar Junta

  20. caudillo • A military leader or political boss Argentina’s Peron Mexico’s Santa Anna

  21. Struggle for Democracy • Legacy of colonialism • Spanish rule viceroys • Independence changed little • Oligarchy • No usual freedoms • Military, church, latifundias, juntas • 20th century • Caudillos – Juan Perón • Some elected – e.g., PRI Juan Perón

  22. What Democracies Require • Free & fair elections • Citizen participation • Majority rule • Minority rights • Free press • Secret ballot • Constitutional reform • Equal rights • Educated population

  23. Terms and Places • Land reform – the process of breaking up large landholdings to attain more balanced and equitable distribution of land among farmers

  24. Land Reform • Wealthy elites • Huge land ownership • Land reform programs • Breaking up large latifundio’s • Mexico • 1858 Juarez started it • Zapotec Indian • Land redistribution • Again in early 20th C. • Break cycle of poverty • Catholic Church & Liberation theology • http://www.landreform.org/

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