French cities’ urban freight surveys

1. French cities’ urban freight surveys 1st Scientific and Technical Workshop Bologna 05/11/2013 Presented by: Adrien Beziat, PhD, Paris, France

2. Freight Surveys in France Three kinds of surveys in France: • Occasional surveys, organized by public actors • Regular surveys administered by the SESP • Research studies (ECHO, Chargeurs…)  Interesting surveys, but very limited, not specific to urban freight

3. Urban Freight Surveys: two objectives Two survey campaigns: 1994-1997 (Bordeaux, Marseille and Dijon), then 2010-2013 (Paris, Bordeaux), administered by the Laboratory of Transport Economics • 1. Understanding the complexity of urban freight (the organizational and quantitative aspects of deliveries and pickups) • 2. Providing a tool for local decision-makers interested in urban freight that does not require costly data collection (the FRETURB model)

4. Three categories of urban freight trips • Flows generated by deliveries and pickups between urban establishments (shops, manufacturing, services)  the main focus of the survey • Freightflows to the final consumer, including car-based shopping trips • Flows related to city management and services: construction sites, public works (urban utilities, construction), garbage collection, postal services, movings and hospitals  to be integrated to the Urban Freight Model Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon

5. How does the UFS work? The focus of the study is to measure the social costs of urban freight • Studied variable: the use of the road network • A relevant unit of observation: the movement of goods, defined as the delivery or the reception of the cargo • Source of data: urban establishments, or transport operators Logistics organization of establishments The best unit is the delivery (or pickup) operation serving an establishment, by use of a vehicle Urban environment Transport system Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon Essential information for explaining the formation of flows and their impact

6. Three surveys administered • To urban establishments • To truck drivers • To major transport operators Sample size: • 1500 establishment questionnaires / 6000 deliveries and pickups over 1 week and 8000 product types (weight, packaging,…) • 1000 driver questionnaires (6000 stops) • 100 main truck companies and large wholesalers Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon

7. Implementation: on board survey Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon

8. Expension of sampling to the urban area • Method : sampling per strata on the French register of establishments. Three criterias: Activity of establishments (45 main groups identified), The size of the establishment (no employee, 1 to 5, 6 to 9 etc...) The location of the premise (according to a zoning of the study area) • Then a typology of municipalities (1301) according to land use Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon

9. Weakness and difficulties A complex and costly survey • More and more difficult to make contact with store-keepers, business owners • Poorly motivated respondents • Two visits with self-administered questionnaire left for one week … which requires • A preliminary information and promotion campaign • A competent contractor to ensure the recruitment and management of experienced pollsters • Thorough training of the pollsters • Paying for each survey completed (incentives) Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon

10. How much does the UFS cost? • Three types of costs • knowledge base (scientific support) • data collection (field surveys) • operational and scientific data processing • Total budget : 1.2 million euros • Three sources • French Environment Agency (ADEME) • Ministry of Transport • Local authorities (cities, metropolitan authorities, regions) Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon

11. Robustness and main results of the survey • Large size of the sample, quality of face-to-face responses : good estimation of the number of movements generated • Very detailed stratification of activities Three types of results • A detailed description of the current situation: Standard data and Indicators • Consistant and stable relationships • A generation model Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon

12. Indicators • Number of deliveries/pick-ups per job each week • Share of own account vs third party transport according to the type of activity • Average distance between two stops according to the organisation (size of the tour, single trips) • Speed average according to the vehicle and density of activity • Time for delivering goods according to the size of the round • On road parking time according to density • Speed average according to vehicle and density • Length of the trips according to the organisation (size of the round, single trip, type of vehicle) and the density of activity Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon

13. Standard Data • In average 1 delivery/pick-up each week, per job (with high standard deviation according to type of activity) • 50% light vehicles (vans) and 50% truck • 50% own account and 50% for hire • 75% deliveries and pick-ups carried out by rounds • 80% deliveries <10 minutes, pick-ups 30 min in average • 13 deliveries or pick-ups in a round in average (19 for hire, 11 in own account) • Peak hours (9-11 am) different from car traffic PH (7-9 am) • 25% energy consumption, 25% GHG, 35% NOx, 50% PM emissions (all freight flows incl. shopping trips) Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon

14. Relationships • Between activity, number of employees and movement generation • Between management mode and organization mode • Between type of vehicle and management mode • Between distances covered, management mode and organization modes • Between stop timing and size of the delivery tour • Between distance covered between 2 stops and size of delivery tour. Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon

15. Freturb : implementation Source: Jean-Louis Routhier, Laboratoired’Economie des Transports, Lyon

16. Thank you for your attention http://www.ifsttar.fr/ adrien.beziat@ifsttar.fr http://www.let.fr/ http://freturb.let.fr/ Freturb@entpe.fr

19. MARSEILLES Type of vehicles Under 3.5T Trucks heavy trucks Traffic all vehicles 1 564,68   20 575,66 Laboratoire d'Economie des Transports, Lyon - SIG Geoconcept 03/1999

20. Types of vehicles MARSEILLES Served by heavy trucks Through-traffic by heavy trucks Served by medium trucks Through-traffic by medium trucks Served by light veh Weekly service and traffic Through-traffic by light veh 0 10 km Laboratoire d'Economie des Transports, Lyon - SIG Geoconcept 03/1999

21. Operations per week per employeeas a function of the type of activity

22. Number of weekly number of deliveries/pick-ups as a function of the number of employees(example of retail)

23. Duration of parking as a function of the number of stops and of the type of vehicle

24. The distance between two stops depends on the size (total number of stops) of a delivery tour

25. Hourly rhythms of Urban Freight movements Individual car Urban freight transport