Trane Control and ASHRAE Gannett Fleming Engineering

1. Tracer ES Trane Control and ASHRAE Gannett Fleming Engineering Jack Gornik Trane Commercial Systems Harrisburg, PA

2. Controls and ASHRAE 90.1-2010 • Existing controls requirements • Fan pressure optimization (Today) • Demand control ventilation (DCV) (Today) • Changes to controls requirements • Ventilation reset (Today) • Pump pressure optimization (Today) • Trane Controls Update

3. Fan Pressure Optimization • Required by ASHRAE 90.1 since 1999 *When system design is > 10,000 CFM • Goal: • Control system static pressure to the lowest level while maintaining zone airflow requirements; thereby minimizing fan energy consumption • What is required for implementation? • Communicating controls on the VAV boxes • Static pressure sensor • Building automation system

4. Fan-Pressure Optimization • The BAS determines the “most open” damper in the system • The system static pressure is controlled to keep the “most open” zone damper between 65% and 75% open • With this strategy, location of sensor is not critical • Take advantage of labor savings and mount the sensor at the fan discharge • Saves 20% to 45% of the system fan energy • Significant acoustical benefits

5. Defobj VAV[boxes], // array of vav box objects (array size = boxes) setpoint // object used to store the calculated setpt Defflt maxpos, // the maximum air valve position staticsp, // calculation of the static pressure setpoint increment = 0.1, // amount by which the the setpoint may be changed high_limit = 95.0, // adjust setpoint up if max greater than this value low_limit = 85.0, // adjust setpoint down if max less than this value initial_staticsp = 2.0, // initial static pressure setpoint min_staticsp = 0.5, // minimum static pressure setpoint allowed max_staticsp = 3.0 // maximum static pressure setpoint allowed // define the property (from the database) that confirms that the // AHU is running. // IMPORTANT! Use the Add Obj&Property selection under the Edit menu // to select the correct property. ahu_status = {RTU-3 Engineering}.{Supply Fan Status} // define the AOP object (from the database) for the vav boxes served // by a particular air handling unit. This AOP should be referenced // by the ahu as its static pressure setpoint // IMPORTANT! Use the Add Object selection under the Edit menu // to select the correct objects. setpoint = {RTU-3 Static Pressure Setpt} // load the object array with the VAV objects VAV[1] = {VAV 3-01 Engineering} VAV[2] = {VAV 3-02 South America Conf. Rm} VAV[3] = {VAV 3-03 Engineering} VAV[4] = {VAV 3-04 Engineering} VAV[5] = {VAV 3-05 Engineering} VAV[6] = {VAV 3-06 Engineering} VAV[7] = {VAV 3-07 Engineering} VAV[8] = {VAV 3-08 Engineering} VAV[9] = {VAV 3-09 Test Room} VAV[10] = {VAV 3-10 Hardware Lab} VAV[11] = {VAV 3-11 Order Fulfillment} VAV[12] = {VAV 3-12 Order Fulfillment} VAV[13] = {FP VAV 3-01 Engineering} VAV[14] = {FP VAV 3-02 Engineering} VAV[15] = {FP VAV 3-03 Asia Conf. Room} VAV[16] = {FP VAV 3-04 Order Fulfillment} VAV[17] = {FP VAV 3-05 Corridor} VAV[18] = {FP VAV 3-06 Corridor} PROGRAM VAV_Critical_Zone_Reset_RTU_3 // Written: // Modified: 03/98 // Properties Read: VAV[i].{Communication State} // VAV[i].{Diag: Flow Sensor Fail} // VAV[i].{Control Mode} // VAV[i].{Air Valve Position} // VAV[i].{Communication Address} // Properties Modified: setpoint.{Present Value} // Routine Summary: /// This routine calculates the static pressure setpoint for an air /// handling unit. It resets the AHU static pressure setpoint based on /// a "critical zone". VAV terminal units' maximum air valve position /// is determined, which is the basis for calculating an AHU static pressure /// setpoint. The AHU static pressure setpoint is adjusted to satisfy /// the critical zone, which inherently satisfies all other zones. // Fan horsepower is minimized and comfort in all spaces is maintained. // For background information about this routine, see SYS-EB-2. // This cpl object, the AHU object and all (or the majority of) the VAV // objects should reside in the same BCU. (Do not put this cpl object in // one BCU if the VAV boxes and AHU reside in another BCU.) /// Routine Execution: This program is executed every 1 minute. // Note: this routine executes every minute but the reset calculation is // done only at a user defined interval (usually much less frequently). /// Routine Text File: VAV_CZR3.CPL // ***** Define Variables ***** // In this section, the programmer defines the variables used throughout // this routine. The only variables that require editing are in the "User // Edited Variables" section. No other changes are required. Defint On = 1, // define enumeration Up = 1, // define enumeration Normal = 0, // define enumeration Occupy = 0, // define enumeration for VAV control mode i, // index used in the For-Next loop ahu_status, // status feedback from AHU ahu_timer, // number of minutes since the ahu started // ***** begin User Edited Variables ***** startup_delay = 30, // number of minutes after the ahu starts before // allowing the reset to occur reset_interval = 15, // number of minutes between reset calculations // Reset Interval will depend on actual system dynamics. // Tuning the reset interval should be done with // the system operating. boxes = 18 // number of vav boxes included in the calculation 2.0 // ***** end User Edited Variables ***** // No changes are required beyond this point. // ***** ahu timer ***** // In this section a counter keeps the number of minutes the ahu // status shows the unit has been On. The counter is stored in // Local.{Saved Value}[16]. If the ahu status is Off the counter is // reset to 0 and the setpoint is reset to its user defined initial // value. The routine also stops if the ahu status is Off; there is // no reason to run the rest of the routine with the ahu Off. This // counter is used to verify the ahu has been On a user defined // number of minutes before allowing the static pressure to be // adjusted. ahu_timer = Local.{Saved Value}[16] If (ahu_status = On) Then ahu_timer = ahu_timer + 1 Else Local.{Saved Value}[16] = 0 If (setpoint.{Present Value} <> initial_staticsp) Then CONTROL(setpoint,{Present Value},initial_staticsp,16,Set) End If Stop End If Local.{Saved Value}[16] = ahu_timer // ***** vav box data ***** // In this section the air valve position is read from each vav box that // is communicating with the bcu and has a valid air flow reading. A // failed flow results in air valve position based control. This strategy // requires "pressure independent" flow control. The vav UCMs must be // in occupied mode and communicating with the bcu to properly read // values and perform calculations. This for-next loop finds the position // of the most open VAV box air valve. The routine will only find the // most open box after the ahu has gone through its user defined startup // delay. It only performs the rest of the routine every user interval, not // every minute. // No changes are required in this section. If (Local.{Saved Value}[1] >= reset_interval) and (ahu_timer > startup_delay) Then Local.{Saved Value}[1] = 0 Local.{Saved Value}[2] = 0 For i = 1 To boxes Step 1 If (VAV[i].{Communication State} = Up) and (VAV[i].{Diag: Flow Sensor Fail} = Normal) and (VAV[i].{Control Mode} = Occupy) Then If (VAV[i].{Air Valve Position} > maxpos) Then maxpos = VAV[i].{Air Valve Position} Local.{Saved Value}[2] = VAV[i].{Communication Address} End If End If Next Else 2.5 Local.{Saved Value}[1] = Local.{Saved Value}[1] + 1 Stop End If Local.{Saved Value}[3] = maxpos // ***** adjust setpoint ***** // If the maximum air valve position is greater than the high limit the static // pressure setpoint is increased. If it is less than the low limit the setpoint // is decreased. The setpoint is adjusted only if the air handling unit is On and // the maximum air valve position is nonzero. It will be zero if all boxes // are not communicating or if all the flow sensors have failed. It will also // be zero if all boxes are unoccupied, (with unocc min allowed to go to zero). // The setpoint will be set to the user defined initial setpoint if the adjustment // calculation is not done. After the setpoint is calculated, it is verified that // it does not exceed its minimum or maximum. // No changes are required in this section. staticsp = setpoint.{Present Value} If (maxpos <> 0.0) Then If (maxpos > high_limit) Then staticsp = (staticsp + increment) End If If (maxpos < low_limit) Then staticsp = (staticsp - increment) End If Else staticsp = initial_staticsp End If staticsp = Min (staticsp, max_staticsp) staticsp = Max (staticsp, min_staticsp) // ***** control AOP ***** // Control the analog output to the calculated static pressure // setpoint only if it has changed. // No changes are required in this section. If (setpoint.{Present Value} <> staticsp) Then CONTROL(setpoint,{Present Value},staticsp,16,Set) End If End // end of routine 1.0 0.1 75 65 15 Typical Way Tracer Summit Standard Applications The Trane Way Repeatable - performance from building to building and job to job

6. System Performance Summary Sustainable - performance over the life of the installation Provable - demonstrate we are providing the functions as promised

7. Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) • Required by ASHRAE 90.1 2007 • Background: • VAV systems are designed to bring in at least the minimum outdoor airflow at worst case conditions • At any other condition, design airflow results in over-ventilation • Goal: • Reduce over-ventilating a space by resetting the level of outdoor air introduced during times when occupancy is lower than design conditions

8. Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) • Methods – determine required ventilation rate • Occupancy sensors • Detect the presence of people in each monitored space • Occupancy schedules • Predict the current population based on the time of day • Carbon dioxide (CO2) sensors • Monitor the concentration of CO2 that the occupants continuously produce • Each are appropriate for different types of zone

9. Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) • Required at zone level if: • Larger than 500 ft2 • Design occupant density greater than 40 people per 1,000 ft2 • Served by system with one or more of the following: • An air-side economizer • Automatic modulating control of the outdoor air damper OR • A design outdoor airflow greater than 3,000 cfm

10. Ventilation Optimization : System Level Ventilation Reset • Required by ASHRAE 90.1 2010 • Multiple zone VAV systems with DDC shall: • Automatically reduce outdoor air intake flow below design rates in response to changes in system ventilation efficiency as defined by ASHRAE Standard 62.1, Appendix A. • Exceptions: • Systems required to have energy recovery in 6.5.6.1 • Some dual-path systems, such as dual-duct dual-fan or fan-powered VAV systems • Systems where the design exhaust airflow is more than 70% of the design outdoor air intake airflow

11. Outside Air Delivered Outside Air Required by ASHRAE62.1-2004 Stategy #3: Allowing reset Traq Damper Strategy #1: Damper Fixed at 67% Strategy #2: OA Flow Control at 933 cfm Design SA = 3000 = 1000 + 1000 + 1000 OA = 700 = 200 + 200 + 300 Vent Fraction = 0.20 0.20 0.30 25% or750 cfm 25% or750 cfm 2010 cfm 31% Critical Zone 1260 cfm excess 183 cfm excess 70% SA = 2100 = 650 + 550 + 900 OA = 700 = 200 + 200 + 300 Vent Fraction = 0.31 0.36 0.33 34% or714 cfm 34% or714 cfm 1474 cfm 42% 40% SA = 1400 = 500 + 500 + 400 OA = 700 = 200 + 200 + 300 Vent Fraction = 0.40 0.40 0.75 67% or933 cfm 67% or933 cfm 933 cfm 67% Worst case Note: Credit for unused air OA requirements for a Multiple-Space System –System Load–

12. Ventilation Optimization Application Defobj VAV[boxes], // array of vav box objects (array size = boxes) setpoint // object used to store the calculated setpt Defflt maxpos, // the maximum air valve position staticsp, // calculation of the static pressure setpoint increment = 0.1, // amount by which the the setpoint may be changed high_limit = 95.0, // adjust setpoint up if max greater than this value low_limit = 85.0, // adjust setpoint down if max less than this value initial_staticsp = 2.0, // initial static pressure setpoint min_staticsp = 0.5, // minimum static pressure setpoint allowed max_staticsp = 3.0 // maximum static pressure setpoint allowed // define the property (from the database) that confirms that the // AHU is running. // IMPORTANT! Use the Add Obj&Property selection under the Edit menu // to select the correct property. ahu_status = {RTU-3 Engineering}.{Supply Fan Status} // define the AOP object (from the database) for the vav boxes served // by a particular air handling unit. This AOP should be referenced // by the ahu as its static pressure setpoint // IMPORTANT! Use the Add Object selection under the Edit menu // to select the correct objects. setpoint = {RTU-3 Static Pressure Setpt} // load the object array with the VAV objects VAV[1] = {VAV 3-01 Engineering} VAV[2] = {VAV 3-02 South America Conf. Rm} VAV[3] = {VAV 3-03 Engineering} VAV[4] = {VAV 3-04 Engineering} VAV[5] = {VAV 3-05 Engineering} VAV[6] = {VAV 3-06 Engineering} VAV[7] = {VAV 3-07 Engineering} VAV[8] = {VAV 3-08 Engineering} VAV[9] = {VAV 3-09 Test Room} VAV[10] = {VAV 3-10 Hardware Lab} VAV[11] = {VAV 3-11 Order Fulfillment} VAV[12] = {VAV 3-12 Order Fulfillment} VAV[13] = {FP VAV 3-01 Engineering} VAV[14] = {FP VAV 3-02 Engineering} VAV[15] = {FP VAV 3-03 Asia Conf. Room} VAV[16] = {FP VAV 3-04 Order Fulfillment} VAV[17] = {FP VAV 3-05 Corridor} VAV[18] = {FP VAV 3-06 Corridor} PROGRAM VAV_Critical_Zone_Reset_RTU_3 // Written: // Modified: 03/98 // Properties Read: VAV[i].{Communication State} // VAV[i].{Diag: Flow Sensor Fail} // VAV[i].{Control Mode} // VAV[i].{Air Valve Position} // VAV[i].{Communication Address} // Properties Modified: setpoint.{Present Value} // Routine Summary: /// This routine calculates the static pressure setpoint for an air /// handling unit. It resets the AHU static pressure setpoint based on /// a "critical zone". VAV terminal units' maximum air valve position /// is determined, which is the basis for calculating an AHU static pressure /// setpoint. The AHU static pressure setpoint is adjusted to satisfy /// the critical zone, which inherently satisfies all other zones. // Fan horsepower is minimized and comfort in all spaces is maintained. // For background information about this routine, see SYS-EB-2. // This cpl object, the AHU object and all (or the majority of) the VAV // objects should reside in the same BCU. (Do not put this cpl object in // one BCU if the VAV boxes and AHU reside in another BCU.) /// Routine Execution: This program is executed every 1 minute. // Note: this routine executes every minute but the reset calculation is // done only at a user defined interval (usually much less frequently). /// Routine Text File: VAV_CZR3.CPL // ***** Define Variables ***** // In this section, the programmer defines the variables used throughout // this routine. The only variables that require editing are in the "User // Edited Variables" section. No other changes are required. Defint On = 1, // define enumeration Up = 1, // define enumeration Normal = 0, // define enumeration Occupy = 0, // define enumeration for VAV control mode i, // index used in the For-Next loop ahu_status, // status feedback from AHU ahu_timer, // number of minutes since the ahu started // ***** begin User Edited Variables ***** startup_delay = 30, // number of minutes after the ahu starts before // allowing the reset to occur reset_interval = 15, // number of minutes between reset calculations // Reset Interval will depend on actual system dynamics. // Tuning the reset interval should be done with // the system operating. boxes = 18 // number of vav boxes included in the calculation // ***** end User Edited Variables ***** // No changes are required beyond this point. // ***** ahu timer ***** // In this section a counter keeps the number of minutes the ahu // status shows the unit has been On. The counter is stored in // Local.{Saved Value}[16]. If the ahu status is Off the counter is // reset to 0 and the setpoint is reset to its user defined initial // value. The routine also stops if the ahu status is Off; there is // no reason to run the rest of the routine with the ahu Off. This // counter is used to verify the ahu has been On a user defined // number of minutes before allowing the static pressure to be // adjusted. ahu_timer = Local.{Saved Value}[16] If (ahu_status = On) Then ahu_timer = ahu_timer + 1 Else Local.{Saved Value}[16] = 0 If (setpoint.{Present Value} <> initial_staticsp) Then CONTROL(setpoint,{Present Value},initial_staticsp,16,Set) End If Stop End If Local.{Saved Value}[16] = ahu_timer // ***** vav box data ***** // In this section the air valve position is read from each vav box that // is communicating with the bcu and has a valid air flow reading. A // failed flow results in air valve position based control. This strategy // requires "pressure independent" flow control. The vav UCMs must be // in occupied mode and communicating with the bcu to properly read // values and perform calculations. This for-next loop finds the position // of the most open VAV box air valve. The routine will only find the // most open box after the ahu has gone through its user defined startup // delay. It only performs the rest of the routine every user interval, not // every minute. // No changes are required in this section. If (Local.{Saved Value}[1] >= reset_interval) and (ahu_timer > startup_delay) Then Local.{Saved Value}[1] = 0 Local.{Saved Value}[2] = 0 For i = 1 To boxes Step 1 If (VAV[i].{Communication State} = Up) and (VAV[i].{Diag: Flow Sensor Fail} = Normal) and (VAV[i].{Control Mode} = Occupy) Then If (VAV[i].{Air Valve Position} > maxpos) Then maxpos = VAV[i].{Air Valve Position} Local.{Saved Value}[2] = VAV[i].{Communication Address} End If End If Next Else Local.{Saved Value}[1] = Local.{Saved Value}[1] + 1 Stop End If Local.{Saved Value}[3] = maxpos // ***** adjust setpoint ***** // If the maximum air valve position is greater than the high limit the static // pressure setpoint is increased. If it is less than the low limit the setpoint // is decreased. The setpoint is adjusted only if the air handling unit is On and // the maximum air valve position is nonzero. It will be zero if all boxes // are not communicating or if all the flow sensors have failed. It will also // be zero if all boxes are unoccupied, (with unocc min allowed to go to zero). // The setpoint will be set to the user defined initial setpoint if the adjustment // calculation is not done. After the setpoint is calculated, it is verified that // it does not exceed its minimum or maximum. // No changes are required in this section. staticsp = setpoint.{Present Value} If (maxpos <> 0.0) Then If (maxpos > high_limit) Then staticsp = (staticsp + increment) End If If (maxpos < low_limit) Then staticsp = (staticsp - increment) End If Else staticsp = initial_staticsp End If staticsp = Min (staticsp, max_staticsp) staticsp = Max (staticsp, min_staticsp) // ***** control AOP ***** // Control the analog output to the calculated static pressure // setpoint only if it has changed. // No changes are required in this section. If (setpoint.{Present Value} <> staticsp) Then CONTROL(setpoint,{Present Value},staticsp,16,Set) End If End // end of routine The Trane Way Typical Way Repeatable - performance from building to building and job to job

13. Pump Pressure Optimization • When is it required? • When the system includes control valves designed to modulate open or closed as a function of load • Systems having a total pump system power exceeding 10 hp • Reduce pump flow rates to 50% or less of the design flow rate • Individual chiller water pumps exceeding 5 hp • Limit demand to less than 30% of design wattage at 50% design water flow • When more than 3 water control valves are used • What is needed to implement? • Communicating controls on terminal unit valves • Pressure differential controller • Building Automation System

14. pressure differential controller /transmitter Pump Pressure Optimization Air Handling Units control valves with communicating controllers communicating BAS

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