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Division and Democracy in France. Napoleon III. Suez Canal. Napoleon III . Napoleon III Initially ruled the 2 nd Empire as a dictator Later lifted censorship, gave legislature more power and promoted industry Suez Canal- linked the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean
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Napoleon III Napoleon III • Initially ruled the 2nd Empire as a dictator • Later lifted censorship, gave legislature more power and promoted industry • Suez Canal- linked the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean • Failed to make Mexico a French satellite suffered major losses during the Crimean War and lost the Franco-Prussian War .
Challenges of the 3rd Republic • A provisional government turned into the 3rd Republic • (1871)The radicals of the Paris Commune wanted to save the Republic from royalists, later 20,000 radicals were killed • The new Republic survived and elected a 2 house legislature and a powerful premier, or Prime Minister • Unstable coalition governments ran the nation
Anti-Semitism & the Dreyfus Affair • Alfred Dreyfus was convicted of spying for Germany • Dreyfus and Emile Zola claimed the court was anti-Semitic; Zola was charged with libel, making false and damaging remarks • These incidents showed the strong anti-Semitic views of Europe and led to the Theodor Herzl to push for Zionism
Reforms • Working conditions were improved • Free public elementary schools • (1905) Passed a bill separating Church and State