Warm-Up: Answer as many of the following as you can. Be prepared to discuss.

1. Warm-Up: Answer as many of the following as you can. Be prepared to discuss. Why is it important to study geography? In what ways is it useful in real life? Which careers might be associated with geography? How can knowledge of geography help you in other academic areas? Why We Need to Teach Geography

2. The Field of Geography • Geography: the study of Earth and its people

5. Physical Geography: the study of natural features on the surface of Earth • Things that can be seen (landforms) and felt (weather)

6. Human Geography: study of people as they have spread across Earth • Who lives where? Why? How? • Human-made features like towns, dams & roads

8. Why Themes? • The 5 themes are important because they help the geographer describe the use of space.

9. Location: Where is it? Why is it there? • Absolute Location • Exact • Latitude/longitude • Paris is at 48⁰ North latitude and 2⁰ East longitude • Street address • TCCHS is located at 4717 Bailey Road • Relative Location • Depends on a point of reference. Near, far, a short drive, etc. • Described by landmarks, time, direction or distance. • A few miles from Pearland Town Center • Across from Turner High School

10. Think about… • When might it be important to use absolute location? • Describe a scenario where using relative location would be beneficial.

11. Place: What is it like? • Physical characteristics like landforms, climate bodies of water or vegetation • Human characteristics such as roads, buildings, culture & beliefs

12. Regions: How are places similar or different? • Areas defined by their physical & human characteristics • Geographers divide the world into regions to help them interpret information

13. Formal Regions • Are based on the related characteristics of an area (language, religion, climate) • Many formal regions have natural boundaries • Commonly defined b continental area and similar cultures

14. Functional Regions • Functional regions are based on connections between places; have a “hub” or central area • Ex. A city and its suburbs

15. Perceptual Regions • Are based on people’s feelings and attitudes of an area • Likely to change over time • Can be based on stereotypes and influenced by travel, movies and reading • Ex. Dixie, Aggieland Tornado Alley

16. The World Dived into 7 Regions, Each with a Population of 1 Billion

17. Human-Environment Interaction: How do people relate to the physical world? • We depend. • We need rivers for transportation. • We adapt. • We wear clothing to protect us from the weather. • We modify. • We use heaters and air conditioners in our homes.

18. What do you think of when I say… • A hot, sunny climate is perfect for ________. • A cold climate with a lot of snow is perfect for ________. • Summer in Texas is the perfect time to ________.

19. Movement: How are people and places linked? • Linear, time & psychological • Movement of People • Cars, trains, planes, animals • Movement of Products • Trucks, trains, planes • Movement of Information/Ideas • Cell phones, computers, TV, radio, newspapers

20. Types of Distance Psychological Distance Linear Distance Time Distance Amount of time it takes something to travel • The way people view distance • How far across the earth something travels.

21. Questions… • How can physical geography affect linear distance? • List some modern inventions that have shortened time distance. • How far away is “far”? What influences your perception of what is “far”?

22. Ask MR. HELP • M- Movement • R- Region • HE- Human Environment Interaction • L- Location • P- Place

23. Practice • Identify the themes of geography in the following photos:

32. Practice • Are the following regions formal, perceptual, or functional?

39. Group Activity • I will put you into groups and each group will be assigned one of the 5 Themes of Geography to draw on the paper provided to you. • Must Include: • Title of Theme • Name of each student on back • Brief explanation of how this picture represents the theme (on back)

40. Welcome! Friday, August 30 • Warm-Up: Reviewing the 5 Themes • Presentation: Tools of Geography- Maps • Activity: Lat & Long Skills • Closure

41. A Geographer’s Tools • Globes: 3-D representation of Earth • Maps: 2-D representation of selected parts of Earth’s surface • Map projection: a way of drawing the earth that reduces distortion caused by going from round to flat • Cartographer: a person who makes maps

42. To help describe location, geographers divide the earth into hemispheres, or halves of the Earth

43. Latitude & Longitude: grid system of imaginary lines • Latitude • Lines that run east to west • Sometimes called parallels • Latitude goes around the Earth • Longitude • Lines that run north to south • Sometimes called meridians • Pole to pole, half circles • Longitude goes over the Earth

44. Geographers use latitude and longitude to describe _______ location.

45. How do we know if it’s N or S? E or W?

46. Important Lines of Latitude and Longitude • Equator • 0⁰ latitude • Prime meridian • 0⁰ longitude • Greenwich, England • International Date Line • 180⁰ longitude

47. Lat & Long Skills • Mark the Equator in RED. • Mark & label the Prime Meridian in PURPLE. • Mark the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn in ORANGE. • Mark the International Date Line in GREEN. • Mark the Arctic and Antarctic circle in BLUE • Label the 7 continents.

48. Cities Around the WorldCircle the cities at: • 47°N, 71°W • 38°S, 145°E • 41°N, 29°E • 19°N, 73°E • 23°S, 43°W