Chapter 9 Information Systems Ethics, Computer Crime, and Security

1. Chapter 9Information Systems Ethics, Computer Crime, and Security

2. Chapter 9 Objectives • Understand how computer ethics affects IS • Understand information privacy, accuracy, property, and accessibility • Understand types of computer crime • Understand the terms virus, worm, Trojan horse, and logic or time bomb • Understand computer security

3. Information Systems Ethics • Toffler’s three waves of change • Agriculture • Industrial Revolution • Information Age

4. Information Systems Ethics • Computer Literacy • Knowing how to use a computer • Digital Divide • That gap between those with computer access and those who don’t have it • Computer Ethics • Standards of conduct as they pertain to the use of information systems

5. Information Systems Ethics • Privacy • Protecting one’s personal information • Identity theft • Stealing of another’s social security number, credit card number, or other personal information

6. Information Systems Ethics • Information accuracy • Deals with authentication and fidelity of information • Information property • Deals with who owns information about individuals and how information can be sold and exchanged

8. Information Systems Ethics • Information accessibility • Deals with what information a person has the right to obtain about others and how the information can be used • Issues in information accessibility • Carnivore: software application designed to be connected to Internet Service Providers’ computers and eavesdrops on all communications. • Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA): it offered stronger support for voice mail than it did for e-mail. No other laws at federal or state levels protect e-mail privacy • Monitoring e-mail

9. Information Systems Ethics • The need for a code of ethical conduct • Business ethics • Plagiarism • Cybersquatting: registering a domain name and then trying to sell the name for big bucks to a person, company. Domain names are a scarce resource – one of the few scarce resources in cyberspace

10. Computer Crime • Definition: the act of using a computer to commit an illegal act • Authorized and unauthorized computer access • Examples • Stealing time on company computers • Breaking into government Web sites • Stealing credit card information

11. Computer Crime • Federal and State Laws • Stealing or compromising data • Gaining unauthorized computer access • Violating data belonging to banks • Intercepting communications • Threatening to damage computer systems • Disseminating viruses

12. Computer Crime • Hacking and Cracking • Hacker – one who gains unauthorized computer access, but without doing damage • Cracker – one who breaks into computer systems for the purpose of doing damage

13. Computer Crime • Who commits computer crime?

14. Computer Crime • Types of computer crime • Data diddling: modifying data • Salami slicing: skimming small amounts of money • Phreaking: making free long distance calls • Cloning: cellular phone fraud using scanners • Carding: stealing credit card numbers online • Piggybacking: stealing credit card numbers by spying • Social engineering: tricking employees to gain access • Dumpster diving: finding private info in garbage cans • Spoofing: stealing passwords through a false login page

15. Computer Crime • Software piracy • North America – 25% • Western Europe – 34% • Asia / Pacific – 51% • Mid East / Africa – 55% • Latin America – 58% • Eastern Europe – 63%

16. Computer Crime • Computer viruses and destructive code • Virus – a destructive program that disrupts the normal functioning of computer systems • Types: • Worm: usually does not destroy files; copies itself • Trojan horses: Activates without being detected; does not copy itself • Logic or time bombs: A type of Trojan horse that stays dormant for a period of time before activating

17. Computer Security • Computer Security – precautions taken to keep computers and the information they contain safe from unauthorized access

18. Computer Security • Recommended Safeguards • Implement a security plan to prevent break-ins • Have a plan if break-ins do occur • Make backups! • Only allow access to key employees • Change passwords frequently • Keep stored information secure • Use antivirus software • Use biometrics for access to computing resources • Hire trustworthy employees

19. Computer Security • Encryption – the process of encoding messages before they enter the network or airwaves, then decoding them at the receiving end of the transfer

20. Computer Security • How encryption works • Symmetric secret key system • Both sender and recipient use the same key • Key management can be a problem • Public key technology • A private key and a public key • Certificate authority • To implement public-key encryption on a busy Web site, requires a more sophisticated solution. A third party, called certificate authority, is used. • A trusted middleman verifies that a Web site is a trusted site (provides public keys to trusted partners) • Secure socket layers (SSL), developed by Netscape, is a popular public-key encryption method

21. Computer Security • Other encryption approaches • Pretty good privacy (PGP) • Phil Zimmerman • Clipper Chip: a chip that could generate uncrackable codes. There was a flaw.

22. Computer Security • Internet Security • Firewall – hardware and software designed to keep unauthorized users out of network systems

23. Computer Security

24. Computer Security • Virus prevention • Install antivirus software • Make backups • Avoid unknown sources of shareware • Delete e-mails from unknown sources • If your computer gets a virus…

25. Computer Security • How to maintain your privacy online • Choose Web sites monitored by privacy advocates • Avoid “cookies” • Visit sites anonymously • Use caution when requesting confirming e-mail

26. Computer Security • Avoid getting conned in cyberspace • Internet auctions • Internet access • International modem dialing • Web cramming • Multilevel marketing (pyramid schemes) • Travel/vacations • Business opportunities • Investments • Health-care products