Effects of Angle Orientation of Muon Detectors on Muon Flux

1. Effects of Angle Orientation of Muon Detectors on Muon Flux • Marco Lin – Lake Shore KristianWilks – Lake Shore

2. Overview • Introduction • Problem Statement/Hypothesis • Materials • Procedures • Data and Analysis • Conclusion • Applications/Future Research Lin - Wilks

3. Introduction – Cosmic Rays Supernova Lin - Wilks

4. Introduction - Muon • Elementary • Leptons • Muon 200x electron mass • -1/2 Spin • 2.2 micro-seconds http://neutron.magnet.fsu.edu/muon_relax.html Lin - Wilks

5. Introduction – Muon Flux • The rate of muon hits in an area at a given time • Events per meter squared per 60 seconds Lin - Wilks

6. Problem Statement Which angle 0, 45 or 90 degrees to the north/south horizontal would acquire the highest muon flux u u u u u u u u u Muon Detector u u u Lin - Wilks

7. Hypothesis The muon sensors at 90 degrees from the north/south horizontal would have the highest muon flux Lin - Wilks

8. Materials Lin - Wilks

9. Performance Study • Performance study for experiment • Calibration Lin - Wilks

10. Procedures • Randomized Studies • Set mount to appropriate angle • Run flux study at one fold for at least 8 hours • Run flux study at two fold for at least 8 hours • Analyze data on Elab Lin - Wilks

11. Set Up of Experiment • 90 Degrees 45 Degrees 0 Degrees Lin - Wilks

12. Lin - Wilks

13. Data Lin - Wilks

14. Flux Study One Fold 90 degrees 45 degrees 0 degrees Lin - Wilks

15. Flux Study Two Fold 90 degrees 45 degrees 0 degrees Lin - Wilks

16. Statistical Test: ANOVA • Comparison of multiple independent populations • Assumptions • Multiple independent samples • Normally distributed • Simple Random Sample • Largest standard deviation is less than twice the smallest Lin - Wilks

17. Statistical Test: ANOVA • Ho: µ0° = µ45° =µ90° • All three angle means are the same • Ha: µ0°, µ45°, and µ90° are not all equal • Not all angle means are the same Lin - Wilks

18. Statistical Test: ANOVA • Results • One-Fold Coincidence • P-value = 6.71x10^-92 • Two-Fold Coincidence • P-value = 1.78x10-55 Lin - Wilks

19. Statistical Test: Two-Sample t Test • Comparison of two means of independent populations • Assumptions • Normally Distributed • Known Standard Deviation • Simple Random Sample • Adequate sample size Lin - Wilks

20. Statistical Test: Two-Sample t Test • Null Hypothesis • µ1= µ2 • Means of both angles are the same • Alternative Hypothesis • µ1>µ2 • Mean of angle 1 (larger angle) is greater than mean of angle 2 (smaller angle) Lin - Wilks

21. Statistical Test: Two-Sample t Test • Results (0ne-Fold, 0 degrees vs. 45 degrees) • T-value = 25.3973 • Means 25.3973 deviations apart • P-value = 4.43x10^-35 • Below the 0.05 accepted significance level • Means that there is a 4.43x10^-35 chance of getting data like this if null hypothesis is true Lin - Wilks

22. Statistical Test: Two-Sample t Test • Results (0ne-Fold, 45 degrees vs. 90 degrees) • T-value = 29.404 • Means 29.404 deviations apart • P-value = 3.55x10^-44 • Below the 0.05 accepted significance level • Means that there is a 3.55x10^-44 chance of getting data like this if null hypothesis is true Lin - Wilks

23. Statistical Test: Two-Sample t Test • Results (Two-Fold, 0 degrees vs. 45 degrees) • T-value = 24.3451 • Means 24.3451 deviations apart • P-value = 7.44x10^-19 • Below the 0.05 accepted significance level • Means that there is a 7.44x10^-19 chance of getting data like this if null hypothesis is true Lin - Wilks

24. Statistical Test: Two-Sample t Test • Results (Two-Fold, 45 degrees vs. 90 degrees) • T-value = 19.3764 • Means 19.3764 deviations apart • P-value = 2.84x10^-29 • Below the 0.05 accepted significance level • Means that there is a 2.84x10^-29 chance of getting data like this if null hypothesis is true Lin - Wilks

25. Statistical Test: Regression One Fold Two Fold Lin - Wilks

26. Conclusion • 90 degree > 45 degrees > 0 degrees • Accept Hypothesis Lin - Wilks

27. Errors and Limitation • One sensor was from older series • Geometry was at 90 degree position all the time • Three and four fold Lin - Wilks

28. Conclusion • There is a positive linear relationship from 0 degrees to 90 degrees • Previous Research Lin - Wilks

29. Further Research • Three fold and four fold • More angles • Thinner panels Lin - Wilks

30. Applications • Muon Catalyst • Unlimited Power Source Using Muons and Deterium • Super Nova Lin - Wilks

31. Muon Catalyst • Muon Catalyst Lin - Wilks

32. Muon Catalyst Deuterium Abundant in Ocean Muons from Cosmic Rays Lin - Wilks

33. Applications Deuterium Atom (Stable Isotope of Hydrogen) Muon Expel Electron Lin - Wilks

34. Applications Deuterium Deuterium Bond Lin - Wilks

35. Applications Helium Three Tritium Atom Lin - Wilks

36. Applications Deterium Tritium Bond Lin - Wilks

37. Applications Muon and neutron Expelled energy Is released Helium Gas Lin - Wilks

38. Acknowledgments • Dr. Harr • Wayne State • Juandell Matthews and Adrian Ionascu • Mr. Niedballa • Mrs. Gravel • Mr. Mcmillan • Parents Lin - Wilks

39. Work Cited • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wu-IKqxVOfo • http://www.i2u2.org/elab/cosmic/home/ • http://neutron.magnet.fsu.edu/muon_relax.html Lin - Wilks

40. Any Questions? Lin - Wilks

41. Any Questions? Lin - Wilks

42. Any Questions? Lin - Wilks