Pollution Prevention (P2)

1. Pollution Prevention (P2)

2. What is P2 ? • Reducing or eliminating pollutants or waste at the source instead of handling it after it is created • Can be done through changes in • equipment • a procedure, process, or method • product substitution or elimination • training • improved housekeeping • better inventory control • any other means

3. Origin of P2 • 1986, Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act • Required facilities to track and report annual use of toxic chemicals • Applicable to industry, but not federal facilities • 1990, Pollution Prevention Act • More guidance and requirements, but still not mandated for federal facilities

4. Origin of P2 (continued) • 1993, Executive Order 12856 • Required federal facilities to comply with previous laws • Imposed reduction goals (reduce chemical use by 50% over 5 years) • Indicated that federal facilities will set an example • 2000, Executive Order 13148 • Continued certain previous req’mts • Imposed new reduction goals • Emphasized enviromental leadership and required facilities to implement an EMS

5. “….Federal Facilities will set the example for the rest of the country and become the leader in applying P2 to daily operations, purchasing decisions, and policies. In the process, federal facilities will reduce toxic emissions, which helps avoid cleanup costs and promotes clean technologies.” (From EO 12856, 1993)

6. P2 Philosophy • First choice: Prevent or Reduce Pollution At Source When Feasible • Second choice: Recycle if Pollution or Waste Cannot Be Prevented • Third choice: Ensure Proper Handling, Disposal, or Treatment of Pollution or Waste If The Above Options Are Not Feasible

7. P2’s Value to the Army • Solution to a problem • Enhances readiness • Supports modernization • Improves quality of life • Saves money, time, or labor • Improves workplace safety and environmental compliance

8. Environmental compliance has high and increasing costs (over $500 million each year) • Funds allocated for environmental requirements reduce funding for other army missions • Alternative uses for funds: • $800K is 175 helicopter flying hours monthly • $100K a year buys 800 miles of tank operation • Traditional end-of-pipe compliance too expensive • P2 is a cost effective method for environmental compliance

9. Enhancing Readiness • Reduced maintenance cost • Reduced supply costs • Better shelf life or condition of garrison or deployment stocks • Cost savings give organizations funds for other parts of mission • Time savings give organizations more time to devote to mission

10. Improving Quality of Life • Pollution ultimately affects our personal lives if it enters the air, land, or water • Prevention or reduction in pollution means less health hazards for soldiers, families, and civilians • Means more funds can go into areas such as recreation programs & facilities, post housing upgrades and ammenities, etc.

11. Supporting Modernization Reduced life cycle cost for weapons systems and commodities • More dollars for R&D, acquisition, and fielding • Less environmental cost and liability in out years • Environmental costs are as much as 40% of some program life cycle costs

12. Original P2 Areas of Consideration • Chemicals • Hazardous Waste • Garbage/Solid Waste • Ozone-Depleting Substances Major focus

13. Army Success Stories • Chromate conversion for aluminum on vehicles • Cadmium elimination in M1A1 tank • Photo Waste Reduction • Silver recovery • Digital • New parts washers/solvents • Hazardous material pharmacies • BA 5590 lithium battery reuse program • Environmental Compliance Officers • Low-level mercury fluorescent lamps

14. Another Example • National Training Center, Fort Irwin CA • Rotational unit removing contaminated soil from various rotational spills with heavy equipment instead of shovels • 990,120 lbs vs. 3080 lbs for disposal • $ 7,920,960 vs. $24,640 disposal cost

15. Additional P2 Areas To Consider • Energy • Water conservation/reuse • Smarter building construction & de-construction • Continued recycling emphasis and methods • Buying “green” products

16. Energy Savings • Geothermal heat pumps in new buildings & housing quarters • How does it work? • Heating & cooling exchange takes places with underground water not ambient air • Underground water is cooler in summer; warmer in winter. Takes less energy to convert it to the temperature needed in the house than if using air

17. Who Has It In DoD ? Housing Areas • Camp LeJeune NC • Fort Irwin CA • Fort Polk LA • 33-42% annual energy reduction • local utility company finances • installation & utility co. annual share savings ($1.3 to $2.8 million) • utility company maintains equipment • annual savings pay off equipment costs in 10-20 years; then gov’t owns

18. Water Reuse & Conservation • Water-saving kitchen/bathroom fixtures • Ensuring automatic sprinkers do not run during rain • Ideas for re-using water from hydrant flushing • Ideas for capturing rain water for re-use in irrigation

19. Solar Power Solar panels used to heat indoor pool at physical fitness center

20. Smarter Building Design • Floors, carpets, walls, doors, ceilings and roofing systems, insulation, painting--Assessment of reusability, solid waste generation, and indoor air quality. • Masonry, stucco, lathing and plastering--Environmental characteristics of recycled and composite materials. • Metal studs in load-bearing walls as a substitute for wood. • Scrap tire chips and cement and asphaltic concrete in pavements--Elimination and use of waste materials. • Bottom ash used as fill, and waste materials in pavements--reusing construction waste materials. • Recycled plastic composite railroad ties. • Recycled site furnishings and playground equipment. • Energy efficient HVAC controls, radiant heating systems and desiccant cooling systems. • Water and energy conserving plumbing fixtures.

21. Hall of Fame Buildings Chesapeake Bay Foundation Uses 1/3 less energy & 10% less water Composting toilets Rainwater Collection Renewable energy sources- solar or geothermal

22. Hall of Fame Buildings American YouthWorks Roof is 85% solar reflective Concrete contains 40% flyash No or low VOC paints used throughout Vegetable and herb garden Orientated to maximize day-lighting Recycled-content ceiling tiles, salvaged doors

23. Hall of Fame Buildings J.J. Pickle Elementary Proper solar orientation Rainwater collection (1st) Salvaged longleaf pine 20-35% fly-ash in concrete Low VOC paints and finishes Total energy cost reduced by 25% Saved over $12 million

24. Hall of Fame Buildings MPCON Placket Manor – BEQ Barracks Low-flow water fixtures Reflective roof with high insulation Daylighting and Ventilation HIGHLIGHT: Completed in 2 years with ZERO $ spent on change orders

25. Hall of Fame Buildings The Nature Conservancy International HQ VISION: Protect the Environment and conserve donated funds Brownfield Restoration Extensive Daylighting and Ventilation Excellent Indoor Air Quality No Additional First Costs !

26. Hall of Fame Buildings ING Bank 80% Utility Savings Multidiscipline Team Developed Design for 3 years Integrated Art, Sunlight, Natural Materials, Plants, Water into functional work environment NO additional cost

27. Hall of Fame Buildings Environmental Training Facility Straw-bale construction Active day-lighting Straw-wall panel system Water-less urinal Bowling alley floor

28. Hall of Fame Buildings Adam J Lewis Center ZERO EMISSIONS- Living Machine™ Geothermal PV SolarRoof Restored Wetlands on site

29. “Green” Building Deconstruction : Recycling Materials From Buildings (valuable wood, windows, doors, metals, fixtures , etc) • Fort Knox KY over 3 years: • 258 buildings & 451 apartments recycled • over 150,000 tons (300,000,000 lbs) diverted from landfill • saved $1.5 million in landfill disposal costs • saved $12. million in demolition costs • generated over $255,000 from salvage operations • Army guidance being developed • Guidance being developed for Army installations

30. Continued Recycling Emphasis • Recycling being revisited at Ft Rucker (economic challenges) • Post needs to continue using existing opportunities • Scrap metal (DRMO) • Printer/toner cartridges to HMCC • Empty metal oil cans crushed at HMCC (over 200,000 containers annually) • Reuse of white paper or other materials within offices

31. Buying “Green” : Environmentally Preferable Purchasing • Also called “affirmative procurement” • What does it mean? • Buying items with recycled content • Buying items with less impact on safety & the environment • Why? • Required by Executive Order 13101 • Improves safety and the environment

32. Buying “Green” :Environmentally Preferable Purchasing • Many products you use are also available as environmentally preferable products (EPP) • Many perform well and are about do not cost extra • How to buy more EPPs? See handout • Video

33. P2 is: • good science • good engineering • good business • Compliance through P2: • P2 will become the standard way of meeting Army environmental goals

34. In summary, P2….. • Is required by law, but is also a smart thing to do • Is necessary to meet increasing demands & req’mts despite shrinking resources • Will continue to play an important part in ensuring that Fort Rucker can sustain future operations • Is an area where each individual can make a difference