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EARTH'S INTERIOR

EARTH'S INTERIOR. How do we know about Earth’s Interior?. Direct Evidence- Rock Samples Indirect Evidence- Seismic Waves. Temperature. Increases as you go into the Earth Result of… heat left over from planet formation Radioactive substances inside the Earth release energy. Pressure.

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EARTH'S INTERIOR

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  1. EARTH'S INTERIOR

  2. How do we know about Earth’s Interior? • Direct Evidence- Rock Samples • Indirect Evidence- Seismic Waves

  3. Temperature • Increases as you go into the Earth • Result of… • heat left over from planet formation • Radioactive substances inside the Earth release energy

  4. Pressure • Increases as you go into the Earth • Weight of overlying rock

  5. THE EARTH'S CORE

  6. Made of iron and nickel

  7. 2. Inner core • 1216 km thick • up to 5000 deg. C • Solid due to high pressure

  8. 3. Outer Core • 2266 km thick • 2200- 5000 deg. C • Liquid

  9. 80 % of Earth’s volume • 68% of Earth’s mass • 870- 220 deg. C • 2867 km thick

  10. Silicon, oxygen, iron & magnesium

  11. Lower Mantle • Solid • Extends to Earth’s Core

  12. Upper Mantle-Lithosphere & Asthenosphere

  13. Lithosphere a. Solid topmost part of the Earth b. Crust is the upper part c. Mantle is the lower part d. 50-100 km thick e. Broken into seven large sections (and many little ones) called plates

  14. Asthenosphere a. Below lithosphere b. 130-160 km thick c. All mantle material d. Has the property of plasticity and can flow

  15. Rocks can flow slowly and change shape- Mantle is plastic!

  16. The Earth's Crust

  17. Thin, outermost layer • All life lives on or within a few hundred meters of surface • 0- 220 Deg. C • 5-70 km thick

  18. 3. Made up of three types of rocks

  19. Igneous rock- formed by cooling/hardening of magma

  20. Sedimentary rock- formed by hardening of layers of sediment

  21. Metamorphic rock- formed by changing of existing rock

  22. 4. Thickness of crust varies • Average of 8 km on the ocean floor • Average of 32 km beneath the continents

  23. 5. Ocean crust made up mostly of silicon, oxygen, iron, & magnesium The largest ophiolite is in Oman near the Persian Gulf. Photo by Peter Kelemen.

  24. 6. Continental crust made up mostly of silicon, oxygen, aluminum, calcium, sodium & potassium

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