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CH 10 Personality

CH 10 Personality. AP PSYCH. Personality. The psychological qualities that bring continuity to an individual’s behavior in different situations and at different times. Nature (heredity, genetics, innate factors) and nurture (environment, learning, experience) shape our personality.

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CH 10 Personality

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  1. CH 10 Personality AP PSYCH

  2. Personality • The psychological qualities that bring continuity to an individual’s behavior in different situations and at different times. • Nature (heredity, genetics, innate factors) and nurture (environment, learning, experience) shape our personality

  3. Psychodynamic Theory

  4. Psychodynamic Theories of PersonalityAccording to Freud… • Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) • Used psychoanalysis – based theories on interactions with clients, “uncovering repressed memories” • Psychic determinism – all acts are determined by unconscious motives, not by chance, and everything has meaning • Focused on unconscious • Motives, conflicts, impulses that make personality are hidden • Threaten and provoke too much anxiety • We go about life not knowing motives behind behavior • Can manifest themselves (depression, anxiety, phobias, mental disorders, homosexuality)

  5. Drives and Instincts.According to Freud… • Ero is the drive for sex, libido is the energy that drives individuals to experience sensual pleasure • Sex, yes, but also activities we enjoy • Thantos is the drive of aggression • Destruction, war, crime, anger

  6. Personality StructureAccording to Freud… • Id, Ego, Superego • Id • Only part present at birth • Primitive • Unconscious • Basic motives, drives, instincts • Acts on impulse • Immediate gratification (sexual, physical, emotional)

  7. Superego • Hold our values • Moral attitudes(learned) • Conscience • Holds the ego ideal (the person you are striving to be) • Only does what is right and moral

  8. Ego • The conscious, rational part of personality • Always struggling to meet demands of both the id and superego • Compromiser • If pressures are too intense results in conflicts or disturbed thoughts (mental disorders)

  9. Personality StructureAccording to Freud

  10. Psychosexual Stages • Successive, instinctive patterns of associating pleasure with stimulation of specific bodily areas at different times of life. • 5 Stages • Fixation can occur – get stuck, have problems at a stage • Leads to problems later in life

  11. Gender conflicts • Why do boys become attracted to girls, and girls to boys? • FREUD SAID… • Oedipus complex • Young boys feel an erotic attraction towards their mothers • In conflict with fathers • Electra complex – girls to their fathers • Must displace attraction to opposite sex of own age, and develop and identification with same sex parent (wants to be like them • Penis envy • Girls want one because they don’t have one • Psychologists today completely reject these notions

  12. Oral Stage • 1st year • Pleasure associated with mouth • Sucking, eating, crying • Challenges: • Overcoming dependency • Signs of problems at this stage • Smoking, nail-biting, chewing, obesity, talkativeness, dependency problems (on people, or alcohol/drugs)

  13. Anal Stage • 1-3 years • Desires anal stimulation by bladder and bowel functions • Challenges: • Toilet training • Self-control • Signs of problems at this stage • Messiness (letting go) or cleanliness (holding it in) • Temper tantrums • stubbornness • cruelty

  14. Phallic Stage • 3-6 years • Pleasure through stimulation of genitals (discover body parts) • Challenge: • Resolving Oedipus Complex* • Signs of problems at this stage • Masturbation (considered abnormal by Freud) • Jealousy • Egocentric sex • Problems with parents

  15. Latency Stage • 6 years to puberty • A repression of sexual and aggressive drives • Challenges • Learning modesty and shame • Dealing with repressed Oedipal conflict • Signs of problems at this stage • Excessive modesty • Preference for company of same sex • Homosexuality (considered a disorder by Freud)

  16. Genital Stage • Puberty – adulthood • Desire mature sexual relationships • Challenge • Displacing energy into healthy activities • Establishing new relationships with parents • No fixation can occur

  17. Evaluating Freud Pros • First comprehensive theory of personality, mental disorders, and psychotherapy • Work was compelling, interesting, a new perspective • Sex…got your attention right • Pop culture idol Cons • No scientific support • Concepts are vague, lack ability to evaluate scientifically • Lack of objectivity in trying to uncover repressed memories • Can explain past behaviors, but cannot predict future responses (retrospective) • Demeaning towards women (penis envy…really?) • Overemphasizes unconscious mind - not as good as conscious mind

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