Canada's Natural Resources!

1. Canada's Natural Resources! QUIZ! Q: Which ones are natural resources in Canada? • Forests • Fish • Maple Syrup • Hockey players • Snow • Justin Bieber • Oil

2. Write down 5 of Canada's natural resources...

3. Instructions... • Write down plus anything in a Titles White box (except maps and diagrams) • Also write down the titles of each natural resource when you see them

4. What is a "natural resource"? Natural Resource: A natural material that is useful and valuable to humans. • 2 types of natural resources: • Renewable: a resource that replaces itself. • Ex. Trees, fish • Non-Renewable: a resource that DOES NOT replace itself. It can only be used once. • Ex. Oil, iron ore

5. Fresh Water

6. A Trickle-Down Effect... • Precipitation soaks into the ground. This is called groundwater. • Groundwater is used by plants, farmers, and wells for drinking water • The water table is the level of groundwater in the earth • Wetlands are areas that are saturated with water (e.g. marshes, swamps). They cover 14% of Canada’s area

7. Why should we worry? Doesn't Canada Have A Lot of Fresh Water? • We have 20% of the world’s fresh water • BUT, only 7% of the world’s renewable fresh water • The rest is fossil water that is in lakes, underground aquifers, and glaciers • More than half of this water drains into the Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay… • So it is unavailable to the 85% of people who live in southern Canada • So our water supply is actually very stressed!

8. Where does all the water go? There are 5 drainage basins of Canada…

9. How much water do you use? • An average Canadian uses 330 l/day • Canadians are the second-largest water users in the world!

10. Water Pollution Can come from: • Pesticides • Chemicals • Sewage • Fertilizers • Manure • Garbage

11. Oil Did you know...? Canada’s largest oil refinery is in Saint John, New Brunswick. The Irving Oil refinery accounts for more than 40% of Canada’s total petroleum exports.

12. How Much Oil Does Canada Have? Oil is measured in barrels: 1 barrel = 42 US gallons or about 159 L • CountryBarrels • Venezuela (OPEC) 297,570,000,000 • Saudi Arabia (OPEC) 264,600,000,000 • Canada 255,200,000,000 • Iran (OPEC) 150,600,000,000 • Iraq (OPEC) 143,500,000,000 • Kuwait (OPEC) 104,000,000,000 • United Arab Emirates (OPEC) 97,800,000,000 • Russia 74,200,000,000 • Libya (OPEC) 47,000,000,000 • Nigeria (OPEC) 37,200,000,000

13. Oil Consumption

14. Oil comes frompetroleum • Petroleum is formed by decayed plants and animals over millions of years. • The weight of the layers above compresses the lower layers into _________________ rock • Eventually they get converted into oil and natural gas

15. Where is the Oil in Canada? Where is there sedimentary rock? Southern Interior Plains Athabasca Oil Sands Also on the ocean floor, off the coast of NFLD Hibernia 

16. Only about 7% of Canada’s land is used for farming; (3 times bigger than Great Britain) • It is worth more than $11 billion a year Agriculture • In the 1880s, 80% of Canadians were farmers; today only 3% • Mechanization has brought many changes

17. Beef Cattle & Grain Dairy & Livestock Wheat Fruits & Vegetables 4 Main Types of Farming…

18. 2 Methods of Farming: Intensive Extensive • Small farms • Lots of labour and money needed • Ontario, Quebec • Fruits, vegetables, dairy, poultry, hogs (perishable products) • Large farms • Lots of machinery, few workers • Prairies • Cattle, ranching • Less perishable products

19. Working the Land... Soil is damaged by Erosion, Contamination, & Overuse Mechanization on the farm:  ·The increase in new technologies and equipment in farming is called “mechanization.” • Today, there are more than twice as many tractors and combines as agricultural workers. • ·Use of machines has resulted in loss of jobs • ·But, farms are more profitable now

20. Forests Canada has 10% of the world’s forests! • How Much is Harvested? • less that 1 percent per year (slightly larger than PEI)

21. Quiz! What is a… 1) Deciduous tree? A tree that sheds its leaves every autumn (broad-leaved); hardwood 2) Coniferous tree? A tree with cones and needle leaves (evergreen); softwood

22. Found in every region EXCEPT… Innuition Mountains Arctic Lowlands Southern Interior Plains

23. Cut Techniques ting Selective Cutting Shelterwood Cutting Clear-Cutting • Every tree is cut down • Cheap and fast • Clear-cutting only part of the forest (the old growth part) • Cutting only mature trees of the right size and type

24. Do You Know Where This Is? Minerals “The Big Nickel” in Sudbury

25. 3 Groups of Minerals Metallic Minerals: • Gold, Silver, Copper, Platinum, Iron Fossil Fuels: • Coal, Natural Gas, Oil Industrial Minerals: • Diamonds, Salt, Sand

26. Diavik Diamond Mine, NWT Quarry on Escarpment Runoff

27. Bagger 288, Germany

28. Where Are The Minerals? Gold Nickel Diamonds Coal

29. Fishing

30. Gone Fishin'... The fish caught by Canadian fishers can be classified into 3 types. 3 Types of fish caught in Canada: 1) Groundfish: feed on the bottom. Cod, Haddock, Halibut Tuna 2) Pelagic: feed near surface in open water. Salmon, Tuna, Mackerel Cod 3) Shellfish: Shrimp, Lobster, Scallops Haddock

31. EAST COAST FISHING: What Makes It So Good? There are shallow areas called continental shelves and even shallower areas called fishing banks It’s so shallow (<200m) that sunlight can penetrate to the bottom, causing a lot of plankton to grow, which fish feed on Also, this area is where the Labrador Current and Gulf Stream meet, which causes a lot of nutrients to be stirred up

32. Some Statistics... http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/files/stat/2012/important-2012-eng.pdf

33. Sustainable Development: A method of managing economic growth that also protects the environment and natural resources.