The Technology of Bio Enzyme For Well Performance & EOR

1. The Technology of Bio Enzyme For Well Performance & EOR Soran Talabani GTC GLOBAL

2. I - Geologically Aged Rock – Fluid in the Reservoir Swir Sor Matrix Cementing Materials Crude Oil, gas

3. II – Near Well Bore Damaged by Drilling Mud Swir Sor Matrix Cementing Materials Crude Oil, gas

4. III – Near Well Bore after longtime Production (H Crude) Swir Sor Matrix Cementing Materials Crude Oil, gas

5. PLUGGING DUE TO MIGRATION OF CLAYS FLUID FLOW Direction FINES BRIDGED at Pore Restriction MOBILE Fines & Asphaltene

6. Swir, Sor and its Polarization to the Matrix Swir Sor Matrix Cementing Materials Crude Oil, gas

7. Stimulating the Near Well Bore • Acid Injection: Carbonate rocks: HCl acid • 28% success in Limestone • 22% success in Dolomite • Why ?? Creates a buffer solution from byproducts • Underbalanced drilling as another option Acid Job

8. III: Well Stimulation Using Bio Enzyme • Very active • Any break apart molecules in live cells • Joins molecules • All activities in a cell • Catalyst: perform the job repeatedly • Requires mild pH • Works hard with speed • 5 million H2O2 molecules demolished in 30 sec. • No matrix attack • Not Soluble in oil

9. Using Bio-Enzyme to Remove WB Damage • Decreases Interfacial Tension • Detaches oil molecules from the matrix • Decreases Molecule polarization • Removes Well bore damage very quick • Increases Wettibility to water • Neutralizes weakly attached oil molecules • Requires a Surfactant . • No Matrix attack

10. Using Bio Enzyme in EOR • Every crude composition is unique • Presence of Asphaltene, Paraffin wax (C20H42 and higher) • Strongly attached to the matrix • Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Vanadium • Complex molecule architect • Attaches to the cement materials stronger than to matrix • Bio Enzyme • Detaches HC-Element end from the matrix • Has some difficulties detaching HC-Element from Cementing • “materials between matrices” • Requires an “aiding agent” like Surfactant • Decreases Sor • Enzyme & Surfactant depends on the Crude Type • Stabilizer is required under reservoir conditions

11. Low to High Polarity Asphaltene Paraffin “Wax”

12. Enzyme – Oil Interaction Process • Enzyme is water – soluble • Micro-emulsion under nanometer scale • Detaches oil molecules • Where Oil-water interfacial tension is medium to low • IT is 10-4 mN/m or less • Presence of Surfactant • Provides better environment for high oil-water IT • Requires shorter time • Needs stabilizers under high temperature • After certain time it clearly detaches oil molecules there is a possibility that genetically engineered Enzymes will assist in the extraction of oil from oil fields Dr. Don P. Bourque, University of Arizona

13. Enzyme for EOR • Lab: Enzymes from Extremophiles work under conditions • similar to reservoir conditions • Works under high Pressure & Temperature • Detaches heavy oil components from the matrix strongly • More experiments are required on Cement materials-Oil • detachment • Presence of Surfactant & Stabilizer • Surfactant type depends on type of crude • Stabilizer type depend on the type of the clay The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2005 Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, Richard R. Schrock

14. Summary • Lab test is required on each crude oil sample before any • pilot test or implementation • Knowledge on the Matrix & Cementing material is important • for the use of the proper Surfactant & Stabilizer • With no doubt Bio-Enzyme works as an EOR agent, though • requires proper handling

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