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Chapter 1

World Criminal Justice Systems A Survey, 7 th Edition. Chapter 1. England. England. Police Organization and Administration Home Office Chief Constables Police Authorities Metropolitan Service City of London Police Serious Organized Crime Police Powers by Civilians

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Chapter 1

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  1. World Criminal Justice Systems A Survey, 7th Edition Chapter 1 England

  2. England • Police • Organization and Administration • Home Office • Chief Constables • Police Authorities • Metropolitan Service • City of London Police • Serious Organized Crime • Police Powers by Civilians • Non-Police Organization • Inspectors of Constabulary • Complaints Commission • Representative Organizations

  3. England • Police functions: • Maintain law and order and protect persons and property. • Prevent crime. • Detection of criminals • In the course of interrogating suspected persons, they have a part to play in the early stages of the judicial process, acting under judicial restraint. • The police in England and Wales have the responsibility of deciding whether or not to prosecute persons suspected of criminal offences. • In England and Wales the police themselves conduct many prosecutions for the less serious offences. • The police have the duty of controlling road traffic and advising local authorities on traffic questions. • Carry out certain duties on behalf of Government Departments • To befriend anyone who needs their help, and they may at any time be called upon to cope with minor or major emergencies.

  4. England • Police (legal status) • Constable – representative of the king • Utilize a great deal of discretion • Police and the public • Recruitment and training • Professionalism • Student-centered learning • Crime prevention • Cost-effective measures • Public perceptions • Based upon a number of population factors

  5. England • Judiciary • Organization and Administration of the Courts • Lord Chancellor – no longer head of the judiciary of England and Wales • Attorney General – government’s controversial issues • Director of Public Prosecutions – solicitor (appointed by home secretary) • Supreme Court of the United Kingdom – created by the Constitutional Reform Act (2005) • Court of Appeal – Intermediate appellate court • High Court – both original and appellate jurisdiction • Courts: • Crown – major criminal cases • County – civil matters • Magistrates’Court – minor and traffic offenses

  6. England • Judiciary • Legal Profession • Solicitors – legal advisors to the public • Barristers – present cases in court • Judges – unitary application of law • Juries – petty or trial jury • Critical Issues • Bifurcated organization • Gender and racial issues

  7. England • Law • Criminal Law – Criminal Law Act (1967) • Criminal Procedure • Power to stop and search • established reasonable suspicion • Enter, search and seize • the need for a search warrant • Arrest, detain and question • custody officer, certain time limits, notification of rights • Bail • Bail Act (1976)

  8. England • Law • Criminal Procedure • Legal aid • state funds • Trial • similar to the US • Summary proceeding • 90% of criminal cases • Critical Issues • Plea bargaining • Victim assistance

  9. England • Corrections • Sentencing Philosophy • Sentencing Aims - retribution, isolation, deterrence, rehabilitation • Judicial Discretion - sentencing issues • Organization and Administration of the Prison Service • General State of Prisons - financial issues • Ministry of Justice - previously (Home Secretary) • National Offender Management Service (NOMS) • Prison Service - prison board • Chief Inspector - oversight of prison system

  10. England • Corrections • Monitoring Boards - appointed by the minister of justice • Ombudsman - oversight of the complaint process • Types of Prisons - 5 types • Staff - 3 categories • Parole - Criminal Justice Act (1967, 1991) • Non-institutional Sanctions • NACRO – community based corrections

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