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Encoders and Sensors (But mostly encoders)

Encoders and Sensors (But mostly encoders). 03 October 2005. Bryan Schramm. www.minimotor.ch/images/design/Optical_Encoder.jpeg www.oddparts.com www.tamagawa-seiki.co.jp www.gipwc.shinshu-u.ac.jp www.trelectronic.com www.reedlink.com www.renishaw.com www.cui.com

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Encoders and Sensors (But mostly encoders)

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  1. Encoders and Sensors (But mostly encoders) 03 October 2005 Bryan Schramm

  2. www.minimotor.ch/images/design/Optical_Encoder.jpeg www.oddparts.com www.tamagawa-seiki.co.jp www.gipwc.shinshu-u.ac.jp www.trelectronic.com www.reedlink.com www.renishaw.com www.cui.com www.autonomoussolutions.com References

  3. Objectives • Introduction • Define current state • Costs • Applications and Examples • Existing or evolving standards • Summary

  4. Encoders and sensors allow control and feedback loops to be established Without the knowledge of position and/or speed it is impossible to maintain accuracy and control Information provided by encoders and sensors is limited by various things including data transmission frequency and also by the physical limits of the system being controlled Introduction

  5. Incremental encoders emit pulses which determine how far the device has rotated (if a rotary encoder), or moved (if a linear encoder). Incremental encoders may be rotary or linear. The first key specification is the number of pulses per revolution (PPR) or pulses per inch (or centimeter). PPR of 250, 512, 1000, 1024, or even up to 100,000 pulses per revolution are available. Encoders - Introduction

  6. Absolute encoders are used to determine the absolute or actual rotary or linear position of part of a machine. Absolute encoders have multiple slit, photo-transistor, LED sets -- most commonly 10 or 12 Resolutions of up to 1 part in 23 bits (0.00034 degrees) are available in some rotary encoders. Other rotary encoders offer multiple turn capability, with the ability to determine 1 part in 4096 per revolution over a total of 4096 revolutions. Some linear encoders can measure movements as small as 10µm to 10nm Encoders - Introduction

  7. Anatomy of Rotary Optical Absolute Encoder trelectronic.com

  8. Absolute optical robots Incremental Hollow shaft Modular Panel mount optical medical devices, audio equipment Magnetoresistive cranes, dirty environments Encoders – Types (Rotary)

  9. Painting Robots (automotive) CAT Scan machines Precision machining equipment Microscopes Aerospace Application of Rotary Encoders

  10. Applications Continued Vtech

  11. Applications Continued Autonomous Solutions

  12. Basic Incremental Hollow Shaft Encoder: ~$200 Absolute Optical Encoder: ~$300 Magnetoresistive Encoders: ~$150 - ~$2000 Costs

  13. Increased optical durability and reliability Dirty environments, corrosion etc… 30 bit resolution encoder – Produced by Shinshu University 230 = 1073741824 Useful for semiconductor product equipment Rotary Improvements

  14. Optical linear encoders exist – use reflection of light to measure distance Measuring principle: transit time measurement This uses magnetic fields and is path-proportional Time lag between generated and received pulse are translated into either digital or analog signal Absolute Linear Encoders

  15. Anatomy of Absolute Magneto Linear Encoder trelectronic.com

  16. Hydraulic presses Machine tools or transfer machines Die-casting machines Woodworking machines Fill level detection for foodstuffs Hard Drives Application of Linear Encoders

  17. Applications Continued Autonomous Solutions

  18. Optical Linear Encoder: ~$150 to ~$5000 Magneto Linear Encoder: ~$200+ Obviously costs depend on length, resolution, intended operating environment, shock and movement speed Linear Encoder costs

  19. Resolutions from 5 µm to 10 nm at speeds of up to 10 m/s Linear encoders can be up to 160 m long with resolution of .1 µm Goal is to maintain 5 µm to 10 nm resolution but push to speeds of about 20 m/s or more The Skinny on Linear Encoder Improvements

  20. Omega Renishaw TRElectronic RENCO ServoTek AMCI DuraCoder Primary Encoder Vendors

  21. You must know the following information to specify an encoder: Absolute or Incremental Encoder Rotary or Linear Encoder Resolution required Uni-directional or Bi-directional motion Operating voltage, very commonly 5 volts, also 12 and 24 volts available Mechanical requirements Shaft diameter and length Mounting holes and spacing Overall length and diameter Environmental considerations Dust, moisture, etc. Shock, Vibration, etc. Operating temperature RPM, duty cycle Key Encoder Specs

  22. Encoders allow feedback loops to be established so as to gain complete understanding of a joint’s position Resolution of 1 in 23 bits is currently achievable via absolute rotary encoders Resolution of ~10nm can be achieved in linear absolute encoders Improvements in speed and durability are being made Summary

  23. Q & A

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