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HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America

HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America. SFC Fall 2013 Week 4. Today’ s Agenda Day 7. Attendance CANVAS & HUM2461.wordpress.com Mesoamerican Civilizations: Teotihuacan Toltecs Aztec 1 st Assignment due today Pop Quiz. Attendance. Architecture in Teotihuacan. Cultural periods

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HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America

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  1. HUM 2461Humanities of Latin America SFC Fall 2013 Week 4

  2. Today’s Agenda Day 7 • Attendance • CANVAS & HUM2461.wordpress.com • Mesoamerican Civilizations: • Teotihuacan • Toltecs • Aztec • 1st Assignment due today • Pop Quiz

  3. Attendance

  4. Architecture in Teotihuacan Cultural periods 100BCE-750CE

  5. Teotihuacan I & II Cuicuilco (origins / volcano Xitlé)Teotihuacan I: Classic style (?) 3 Pyramids (Sun, Moon, Quetzalcóatl [ciudadela]) Street of the Dead 250,000 pop.

  6. Moon Pyramid Teotihuacan Sun Pyramid Avenue of Dead Feathered Serpent Pyramid

  7. Classic Style • Sober adornment • Elegant / clear decoration • Optimism • No fear of open spaces • Preoccupation with organized civilization • Simple, harmonious style

  8. Teotihuacan Teotihuacan II: Street of the Dead 300,000 pop.Baroque style (?) Ferocity

  9. Baroque Style • Strong adornment • Extreme decoration • Pessimism • horror vacui • Preoccupation with death • Extravagant rhetoric and metaphors

  10. Baroque (mostly) opposite style and content of … Classical

  11. TIMELINE IN MESOAMERICA

  12. Architecture in Toltecs Cultural periods 900-1200 CE

  13. Toltecs 900-1200 CE Tula (North of Teotihuacan) 968: TopiltzinQuetzalcóatl Atlantes (knight warriors)

  14. TopiltzinQuetzacóatl (968 – 1025) 968 Quetzalcóatl to Tula defeated by war priest-god 1000 Quetzalcóatl from Tula to ChichénItzá Kukulkán (in Maya language) did same for Mayan capital defeated by war priest-god 1025 Quetzalcóatl from ChichénItzá on boat sailed east promised to return similar in PopolVuh Tezcatlipoca

  15. Architecture & the Aztecs Cultural periods 1300-1519CE (1521)

  16. Aztecs (1) • Aztecs / Mexica / Tenochca(1100??? Aztlán???) • Náhuatl (Uto-Aztecan language) • Tenochtitlán (1325 – 1521) is 31 miles southwest Teotihuacán. 200,000 residents • Huitzilopochtli (war god) • B) Aztec art.

  17. The prophecy:eagleserpentcactus

  18. Tenochtitlán (1325 CE) Huitzilopochtli (war god)

  19. B.i) Aztec Art • Realism to abstraction • Proportion in arts and crafts • Non-secular themes and images • Natural elements + religious concepts (no European individualism) • Synthesis and appropriation from conquered peoples

  20. B.ii) Aztec Art • TheAztecs were also excellent sculptors who were known for awe-inspiring, frightening, forbidding, and monumental works. • Their dances were more advanced than either their music or literature; and • Their oratory was renowned and effective. • In the area of the fine arts, the Aztecs accomplished finely wrought drawings on codices. Unfortunately, most of the Aztecs codices were destroyed by the first Spanish conquistadors and priests.

  21. Artistic features rather unique to the Aztecs are: obsidian knives, rock-crystal skulls (for rituals and for art), and jade statues.

  22. Aztecs (2) • C) Aztec Cosmology • D)Religion: state + religion; polytheistic • cosmos: double axis • sacrifice: good of cosmos and society • gods: Quetzalcóatl, Huitzilopochtli, Tláloc, Tezcatlipoca, Coatlicue • 52-year cycle • Fifth Sun = Tonátiuh (Interrupted “Sun”)

  23. C) Aztec Cosmology 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Double axis Upper World: Heaven N E S W 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lower World: Hell (1300-1519CE)

  24. D) Religion: Coatlicue/Tonantzin(Goddess) Coyolxauhqui(daughter /moon)killed: Coatepec hill 400 Southerners(sons) (Gods of the starts) Huitzilopochtli(feather birth /eagle-sun) Coyolxauhqui was killed by Huitzilopochtliat the Coatepechill

  25. Coatlicue/ Tonantzin

  26. Aztecs (3) • 1325Tenochtitlán was built. • 1375-1521: 9 emperors. • Moctezuma II (1502-1520) • Cuauhtémoc (1520-1521) = Hero of native and mestizo peoples • Tenochtitlán (1325 – 1521) • Tlatelolco (1325 – 1521)Cuathemoc fought for the place when HernánCortéz invaded it. • Tepeyac (pyramid north of the city)

  27. Tlatelolco City Tenochtitlan City

  28. Aztecs (4) • 1. Tenochtitlán(Mexico City now) • Templo Mayor (1); Templo Mayor (2): Twin temples. Main Gods: Huitzilopochtli & Tláloc • 2. Tlatelolco Market place. Cuauhtémoc. • 3. Tepeyac the worship site for the Goddess mother Tonantzin

  29. TENOCHTITLAN

  30. Chinampas

  31. Chronicles of the Conquest of New Spain “When we saw so many cities and villages built in the water and other great towns on dry land we were amazed and said that it was like the enchantments (...) on account of the great towers and cues and buildings rising from the water, and all built of masonry. And some of our soldiers even asked whether the things that we saw were not a dream? (...) I do not know how to describe it, seeing things as we did that had never been heard of or seen before, not even dreamed about. ”Bernal Díaz del Castillo, The Conquest of New Spain

  32. Ancient Civilization Timeline MedievalSpain 1516 AD

  33. 1stAssigment • Week 4: HW#1 (1-12) & HW#3 (1-13) due today. Points off if HW isnottyped

  34. POP QUIZ: Toltecsat Tula 3. He is god of the night sky, the night winds, hurricanes, the north, the earth, obsidian, enmity, discord, rulership, divination, temptation, jaguars, sorcery, beauty, war and strife. Tezcatlipoca • What priest/ruler/god/demi-god fought against Topiltzin-Quetzalcóatl? • Who won? • What did/does the winner of this battle represent? (What is he,the god of?)

  35. What is this a model of? • Where is this? • What god(s) were worshipped there?

  36. Twin temples of the major Aztec pyramid • Tenochtitlán (i.e., Mexico City now) • Huitzilopochtli & Tláloc

  37. Español = templo mayor

  38. See you Tuesday Hasta el martes À mardi Até à terça-feira

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