HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America

1. HUM 2461Humanities of Latin America Week 7

2. Today’s Agenda Day 12 • Attendance • Inca Architecture (1150-1541) • Medieval Spain (411-1500): • Al-Andalusian/Spain • Architecture and Art • 2nd Assignment is due today

3. Attendance

4. CANVAS

5. Inca Architecture Cultural Periods (1150-1541) Expansion 1438 CE

6. Review 1200: MancoCápac organizes the kernel of the Inca people. 1438: Expansion of Tawantinsuyo startedwith IncaPachacuti

7. Tawantinsuyofour cardinal points Four Suyos (side/location): Collasuyo (S) Chinchaysuyo (N) Contisuyo (SW) Antisuyo (NE) Inti = sun

8. Inca Architecture (1) It is widely known for its fine masonry, which features precisely cut and shaped stones closely fitted without mortar. No internal walls and roofed with wooden beams and thatch. …Gabled roofs, rooms with one or two of the long sides opened and rooms that shared a long wall.

9. Precisely cut and shaped stones

10. A thatched Bed & Breakfast Hotel

11. Gabled Roofs

12. Storehouses qollqa: Gabled Roofs

13. Residential area: gabled roofs

14. Inca Architecture Characteristics (2) 3. Wall apertures, including doors, niches and windows, usually had a trapezoidal shape. They could be fitted withdouble or triple jambs as a form of ornamentation. 4. Rectangular buildings were used for quite different functions in almost all Inca buildings, from humble houses to palaces and temples.

15. Trapezoidal Shape

16. Trapezoidal Windows

17. Lintel and double jamb Lintel Double jamb

18. Inca Architecture (3) Kancha Main rectangular enclosure

19. Cusco City

20. Testimonies ofthis type of architecture are

21. Ollantaytambo (La Fortaleza/The Fortress)

22. Top of La Fortaleza Precisely cut and shaped stones closely fitted without mortar.

23. The bath of the Princess Chakana

24. Machu Picchu

25. Machu Picchu • Pachacutec (Pachacuti) built Cuzco and Machu Picchu in 1438. • Means old mountain. • Ancients work systems: • Minca (team work for the Ayllu) • Mita (community service) • Ayni (team work of the ayllu) 1438 - 1541: Inca culture and empire (Tawantinsuyu) MINKA

26. Pedro Cieza de León "For as is well known to all, not a single village of the highlands or the plains failed to pay the tribute levied on it by those who were in charge of these matters. There were even provinces where, when the natives alleged that they were unable to pay their tribute, the Inca ordered that each inhabitant should be obliged to turn in every four months a large quill full of live lice, which was the Inca's way of teaching and accustoming them to pay tribute”

27. Terraced structures

28. Agricultural sector

29. Intihuatana / Intiwatana HUATA TO TIE UP, TO HICH & NA is a suffix for TOOL or PLACE

30. Mesoamerica Important Dates • Maya: Classic 353-900CE • Hasaw Chan K’awill reigned since 695CE & Hasaw'swife, Lady Twelve Macaw, died in 704 • Maya: Post-classic 900-1523 (1697) • Teotihuacanos 100 BCE – 750CE • Toltecs 900 – 1200 • Aztecs  1300 – 1521 • Inca Civilization  1150-1541 • 1200: MancoCápac organizes the kernel of the Inca people. • Machu Picchu is built in 1450-1480 by Pachacuti.

31. Medieval Spain (411-1500) Al-Andalus/Spain

32. Al-Andalus/Spain From Moorish Architecture and Art Style to Spanish Style

33. 1. Early Medieval Spain (ca.411–585)2. Medieval Islamic Spain(ca.710-1492)3. Medieval Christian Spain(ca.1492)4. Medieval Spanish Culture (ca.1492-1500)End of Medieval age in Spain (1500) Dates

34. 1. Early Medieval Spain (ca.411–585)2. Medieval Islamic Spain(ca.710-1492)3. Medieval Christian Spain(ca.1492)4. Medieval Spanish Culture (ca.1492-1500) 2. Medieval Islamic Spain (ca.710-1492) Architecture of Al-Andalus (Mudejar style) The year 1492 is commonly accepted as the beginning of the influence of the Renaissance in Spain.

35. Periods and styles in Art and Architecture: • Byzantine (circa 295-650) • Pre-Romanesque (500-1000) (Mudejar Style influence) • Romanesque (1000-1200) (Mudejar style influence) • Gothic(1200-1500) (Mudejar style influence)

36. Map of Al-Andalus (Spain)in the 10th century How did Spain look like during these 782 years? Córdova Sevilla Granada

37. Santa Maria del Naranco (850 CE) • Visigothic architecture • Early medieval secular architecture • Belongs to the Kingdom of Asturias (North) • 587 CE converted to Catholicism • Maya Classic 353-900CE

38. Mudejar Style (Muslim Architecture)710-1492 CE Influence of the Muslim architecture can be appreciated in the center and south of Spain

39. Mudejar style Symbiosis of techniques and ways of understanding architecture resulting from Muslim and Christian cultures. Brick as the main material. Developed complicated tiling patterns. Dominant geometrical character. The Alcazar of Seville is considered one of the greatest surviving examples of the style.

40. Alcázar from Sevilla (ca.1300)

41. Alcazar of Seville (inner courtyard) Interior

42. Map of Al-Andalus (Spain)in the 10th century Córdova Sevilla Granada

43. The Great Mosque of Cordova (784 CE)

44. The Great Mosque of Cordova (784 CE)exterior

45. Alhambra, Granada (1237 CE)

46. Mesoamerica Important Dates • Maya: Classic 353-900CE • Hasaw Chan K’awill reigned since 695CE & Hasaw'swife, Lady Twelve Macaw, died in 704 • Maya: Post-classic 900-1523 (1697) • Teotihuacanos 100 BCE – 750CE • Toltecs 900 – 1200 • Aztecs  1300 – 1521 • Inca Civilization  1150-1541 • 1200: MancoCápac organizes the kernel of the Inca people. • Machu Picchu is built in 1450-1480 by Pachacuti.

47. Alhambra, Granada (1237 CE)interior

48. Alcázarfrom Segovia (1120 CE)

49. Map of Spain in the 10th century . Segovia Córdova Sevilla Granada

50. Mesoamerica Important Dates • Maya: Classic 353-900CE • Hasaw Chan K’awill reigned since 695CE & Hasaw'swife, Lady Twelve Macaw, died in 704 • Maya: Post-classic 900-1523 (1697) • Teotihuacanos 100 BCE – 750CE • Toltecs 900 – 1200 • Aztecs  1300 – 1521 • Inca Civilization  1150-1541 • 1200: MancoCápac organizes the kernel of the Inca people. • Machu Picchu is built in 1450-1480 by Pachacuti.