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Judges and United Monarchy

Judges and United Monarchy. Historical Overview. 1446 – Exodus 1406 – Conquest Ca. 1400- 1050 – Period of the Judges 1010-970 – David reigns 970-930 – Solomon reigns 930 – Kingdom divides. Historical Overview. Israel . Egypt. Egypt’s New Kingdom = ca. 1550 – 1100

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Judges and United Monarchy

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  1. Judges and United Monarchy

  2. Historical Overview • 1446 – Exodus • 1406 – Conquest • Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges • 1010-970 – David reigns • 970-930 – Solomon reigns • 930 – Kingdom divides

  3. Historical Overview Israel Egypt Egypt’s New Kingdom = ca. 1550 – 1100 After Ramses II (1290– 1224), slow decline Egypt’s Intermediate Kingdom (1100—730) Kushites rule over Egypt (730—670) Assyrians rule over Egypt (670-612) • 1446 – Exodus • 1406 – Conquest • Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges • 1010-970 – David reigns • 970-930 – Solomon reigns • 930 – Kingdom divides

  4. Historical Overview Israel Philistines (Sea Peoples) Originally from Europe (Greece?) Invaded Cyprus, Crete, Egypt, and Palestine ca. 1200—1100 1175 – invasion of Egypt; defeated by the Egyptians After 1175, settled in Palestine • 1446 – Exodus • 1406 – Conquest • Ca. 1400-1050 – Period of the Judges • 1010-970 – David reigns • 970-930 – Solomon reigns • 930 – Kingdom divides

  5. Philistines

  6. Philistines

  7. Philistines

  8. Philistines

  9. Philistines

  10. Philistines • Early references to “Philistines” • Gen 21:32–34; 26:1, 8, 14–15; and in Exod 13:17; 15:14; 23:31 • Differences between “early” and “later” Philistines? • “Early” Philistines are friendly; later Philistines are hostile. • “Early” Philistines live in Gerar under a king; later Philistines live in 5 cities, in a confederation, under “lords”

  11. Philistines • Where did these “early” Philistines come from? • Error in the text. Author was confused • Anachronism. • Early people called something else; occupied same area as later Philistines • Early migration of “Sea People” • Pre-1200 evidence of people from Aegean area • “ample archaeological evidence of Aegean contact with the Levant as early as the third millennium BC” (John Wenham) • Aegean trade in 1900-1700 BC and objects of Aegean origin at Hazor and Megiddo. Sum: Early migration of “Sea People” of similar origin.

  12. Philistines • Very powerful from 1150-1000 • Time of Samson, Saul, David • Matches the biblical record • Philistine “Pentapolis” • Ashkelon, Ashdod, Ekron, Gath, and Gaza

  13. Philistine Pentapolis

  14. Philistine Pentapolis

  15. Philistines • Philistine power began to wane around 1000 B.C. • Pentapolis was crushed by David; semi-independent rule by Philistine cities • Later, formed an alliance with Egypt, Edom, and Arabs (cf. Amos 1:6–8; 2 Chr 21:16–17) • Came under Assyrian rule (ca. 734 B.C.)

  16. Philistine Culture • Very advanced • Technology • Art • Military Weaponry • Loved to party • Loved beer and wine • Well-managed breweries and wineries • Drank in large quantities • Religion: Similar to Canaanites • Baal, Ashtorah, Dagon and others.

  17. Philistine Culture

  18. Philistine Culture

  19. Philistine Culture

  20. Philistine Culture

  21. Philistine Culture

  22. Philistines • Most of what we know from the Bible matches what we have found in archaeology and history • The difficulties (“early” vs. “later” Philistines) are easily solved.

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