PROTIST

1. PROTIST KINGDOM

2. 19.1-19.4 Vocabulary • Protist:___________________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________ • 2. Protozoa: ________________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________ • Pseudopod:_______________________________________________________ • ________________________________________________________________ • 4. Cilia:_____________________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________ • 5. Flagella:___________________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________ • 6. Heterotroph:_______________________________________________________ • _________________________________________________________________

3. 19.1-19.4 Vocabulary 7. Phagocytosis:_____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ 8. Conjugation:_______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 9. Algae: ________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 10. Slime Mold:_______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 11. Water Mold:_______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 12. Decomposer:______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________

4. CHARACTERISTICS OF KINGDOM PROTISTA • ________________________: All protist have ______________ • a. Some have _________________________________ • ________________________: Made up of one cell • a. _________________ and some __________ are exceptions • ________________________: Many are able to move • _______________________: tail-like whip • _______________________: hair-like structures • _______________________ : “false feet” • ________________________: • ____________________ • ____________________ • ____________________ EUKARYOTIC A NUCLEUS MORE THAN ONE NUCLEUS UNICELLULAR ___________ NUCLEUS ALGAE KELP MEANS OF LOCOMOTION ___________ FLAGELLA FLAGELLA CILIA PSEUDOPODS CILIA __________ _____________________ CLASSIFIED BY NICHE PRODUCER PSEUDOPOD CONSUMER DECOMPOSER

5. 3 PHYLA OF PROTIST ANIMAL-LIKE PROTIST • __________________________: CONSUMERS • a. Also known as ___________________ • __________________________: PRODUCERS • __________________________: DECOMPOSERS Protazoa First Animal PLANT-LIKE PROTIST FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST

6. SECTION 19.1 REVIEW • Name the three main groups within the kingdom Protista. What characteristics distinguish each group from the other two? • 2. Give two reasons why protists are hard to classify. • 3. What observable traits might green algae and plants share that support the molecular evidence that these two groups are closely related? • At one time, scientists grouped all single-celled organisms together. What are the main differences between single-celled protists and bacteria or archaea?

7. ANIMAL-LIKE PROTIST • _____________________ number of species in Kingdom Protista • Many ___________________ are shared between animal-like protist and animals. The KEY difference is their ___________________________ • All animals are _____________________ • All animal-like protist are ________________ • ___________________-term often used to describe animal-like protist. • PROTOZOA LARGEST SIMILARITIES BODY ORGANIZATION MULTICELLULAR UNICELLULAR PROTOZOA ANIMAL FIRST PARAMECIUM VORTICELLA DIDINIUM AMOEBA ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

8. ANIMAL-LIKE PROTIST CONSUMERS • All are ________________________: • a. CAN NOT make their own ____________ • Most have methods of ____________________ • _____________________:Long “tail-like” projection • _____________________:Tiny _______________ extensions • _____________________:“________________” • * ______________ extension from the main cell FOOD MOBILITY FLAGELLA CILIA HAIR-LIKE FALSE FEET PSEUDOPODS CYTOPLASMIC

9. 4 EXAMPLES OF ANIMAL-LIKE PROTIST AMOEBA PARAMECIUM TRYPANOSOME PLASMODIUM ______________ _______________ _________________ ______________ • _________, __________, and eliminates _________ through PSEUDOPODS. MOVES _________ with cilia and sweeps _______ into oral grove with cilia PARASITIC ____________ protist that does not have a means of ____________. Classified as a ____________Causes ___________, which is passed on by a __________. MOVES • Moves with _______________. Causes __________________________________ past on by a fly. FEEDS FLAGELLUM FOOD WASTES LOCOMOTION AFRICAN SLEEPING ILLNESS SPORAZOAN MALARIA MOSQUITO

10. AMOEBA • One of two groups of protozoa that ______________________ as they move. • Pseudopod: a temporary extension of _____________________ and plasma membrane. Allows amoeba to _____________ and _____________. • ________________: process of _______________ which amoeba feed • Lives in ____________ or _________ water and _____________. • Most are ______________. Some are ______________ • Can cause ______________________: Severe diarrhea as a result of _____________________ CHANGE SHAPE CYTOPLASM MOVE FEED PHAGOCYTOSIS INGESTION FRESH SALT _____________ PSEUDOPOD SOIL FREE LIVING _____________ NUCLEUS PARASITIC CONTRACTILE VACUOLE AMOEBIC DYSENTERY _____________ UNSANITARY WATER FOOD VACUOLE _______________

11. PARAMECIUM • Known as a _________________ in the phylum _________________. • Cilia: short, hair-like structures that cover some or all of the cell surface and help the organism ___________ and ____________ food. • Food is swept into the ________________ and sent to the ________________. • Food is digested in ___________________. • _____________________________ control the amount of _______________ inside the cell. • Contains two ____________________: • ________________-controls cell’s structures and activities • ________________-contain all of cells DNA CILIATE CILIOPHORA FOOD VACUOLE SWIM CAPTURE FOOD VACUOLE ORAL GROVE GULLET GULLET FOOD VACUOLE MACRO NUCLEUS ORAL GROVE 2 CONTRACTILE VACUOLES WATER CILIA NUCLEI MACRONUCLEUS WATER VACUOLE MICRONUCLEUS

12. CILIA MACRO NUCLEUS ______________________ PSEUDOPOD ________________________ MICRO NUCLEUS ______________ WATER (CONTRACTILE) VACUOLE _______________ MICRO NUCLEUS _______________ ANAL GROVE ORAL GROVE _______________ _______________ MACRO NUCLEUS _______________ _______________ FOOD VACUOLE FOOD VACUOLE ______________ AMOEBA, (ANIMAL LIKE) ________________________ ________________________ PARAMECIUM, (ANIMAL LIKE) _________________________________

13. SECTION 19.2 REVIEW • Name and describe the three basic means of movement used by animal-like protists? • 2. Describe how the parasite Plasmodium causes disease in humans. • 3. In what ways are cilia and flagella similar? How do they differ? • Why do amoebas form pseudopods only when the need them?

14. PLANT-LIKE PROTIST • All producers contain __________________ and can make their own _________________. • Serveral differences between plants and plant-like protist: • All plants are _____________________ • Animal-like protist can be _____________ or _____________ • Plants have specialized tissues for _____________________ • Plant-like protists do not have the same _______________ or __________________________ parts as plants • Many “phytoplankton” are a huge ______________________ for most _____________________ animals. • Produce __________________ as a bi-product of photosynthesis CHLOROPHYLL FOOD MULTICELLULAR UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR ROOTS, STEMS, LEAVES TISSUES THE SAME REPRODUCTIVE FOOD SOURCE ACQUATIC OXYGEN ________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

15. 4 EXAMPLES OF PLANT-LIKE PROTIST (all plant-like protist are called ALGAE) ______________ _______________ _________________ ______________ EUGLENA VOLVOX DIATOM DINOFLAGELLATE • Single cell protists that live in a _________: a hollow ball with each protist having a ____________ Photosynthetic protist that has many different __________ and a _________, ____________ outer covering. Known as freshwater algae. Move with a ______________ Photosynthetic algae with ________ flagella. Causes “_____________” with over population. TWO COLONY SHAPES FLAGELLA HARD RED TIDE TWO PART FLAGELLA

16. EUGLENA LARGEST • One of the ______________ group of single-celled organisms that swim with _______________. • Most found in _____________ water. • Most are ___________________________ because they contain _________________ to produce their own food. • Have an _______________ to help them sense ______________ for __________________ FLAGELLUM FRESH AUTOTROPHIC CHLOROPHYLL EYESPOT LIGHT PHOTOSYNTHESIS

17. VOLVOX DAUGHTER COLONY Single-celled plant-like protists that join together to form __________________ in the shape of a _____________________. Inside the parent colony, offspring are formed and known as“______________________” Individual cells have _______________ for mobility. COLONIES HOLLOW BALL INDIVIDUAL CELLS DAUGHTER COLONIES FLAGELLUM OF INDIVIDUAL CELLS FLAGELLA FLAGELLUM

18. DIATOM Plant-like _____________ that are covered with __________________, _____________________. Diatoms produce about ____________ of all the _____________ we breathe. Used in ________________ products. ALGAE A TWO PART GLASS-LIKE SHELL HALF OXYGEN INDUSTRIAL

19. SECTION 19.3 REVIEW • Give and example of each of the following: a single-celled, a colonial, and a multi-cellular plant-like protist. • 2. Many plantlike protists, or algae, reproduce sexually when conditions are harsh. Why might this be beneficial for a species? • 3. If a multi-cellular organism contains chlorophyll c but no silica, to which phylum does it likely belong? • Many biologists argue that the euglenoids should be classified as an animal-like protist rather than a plantlike protist. Explain.

20. FUNGUS-LIKE PROTIST ECOSYSTEM • Play an important role in the ______________________ as ________________. • Recycle ________________ and _______________ back into the soil for __________________ use. • Difference between fungi and fungus-like protist is that fungus-like protist can __________________ during part of their life cycle while fungi ___________________________. DECOMPOSERS CARBON NITROGEN PLANTS MOVE CAN NOT MOVE

21. EUKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR ANIMAL-LIKE PLANT-LIKE FUNGUS-LIKE PRODUCER (AUTOTROPH) ________________ _________________ DECOMPOSER (HETEROTROPH) ________________ _________________ _________________ CONSUMER (HETEROTROPH) ________________ _________________ UNICELLULAR OR MULTICELLULAR ________________ UNICELLULAR ________________ _________________ UNICELLULAR ________________ DURING CERTAIN POINTS IN LIFECYCLE _____________________________________________ MOST SOME ________________ ________________ FLAGELLA PSEUDOPODS CILIA ______________ _______________ _______________ ________________ FLAGELLA ______________ _______________ PSEUDOPODS FLAGELLA __________ _____________ AMOEBA PARAMECIUM _________________________ EUGLENA VOLVOX DIATOM _______________ SLIME MOLD

22. 2. Plant –like protists (Algae). • All are producers….contain chlorophyll and can make their own food. • Many “phytoplankton” are a huge food source for most aquatic animals chloroplasts 1. Euglena flagella • Freshwater algae eyespot Reproduction by fission

23. Salt water algae • Also called “brown algae” 2. Diatom • Photosynthetic protist that has a hard outer covering that looks like ______________________. This material does not decay, and is very useful to other organisms’ diets. Shiny glass-like material This gritty material is used in cleaning products.

24. 3. Kelp (Brown seaweed) Also called multi-cellular brown algae, and can be eaten for food. The only multi-cellular protist Kelp forest off the coast of California in Monterey bay

25. 4. Dinoflagellates • Photosynthetic algae that are also classified as red or brown algae. “red tide” Overpopulation can cause _______________ An overproduction of dinoflagellates can cause “pollution” of water. This can effect the quality of water and fish-life in that area. It is cause by a sudden change in water temperature that causes a dramatic increase in dinoflagellate reproduction.

26. Other green algae Volvox • Live in colonies • known for their spiraling chloroplasts and grow to many centimeters long Spirogyra

27. 3. Fungus-like protists • Decomposers • Grow on decaying material, such as logs and leaves on the forest floor. * Unlike fungus kingdom because of their cell wall The Potato Famine in Ireland in 1840’s was caused by Phytophthora infestans, fungus-like protist.

28. SECTION 19.4 REVIEW • In what ways are slime molds and water molds similar to fungi? • 2. Describe how slime molds help other organisms within an ecosystem obtain nutrients. • 3. Make a three-column chat comparing plasmodial slime molds, cellular slime molds, and water molds. • Why doesn’t spraying water on slime molds work to destroy them?

29. PROTIST SUMMARY Protists have many different ___________________. Protists can be classified into ______________________, ______________________, and ______________________ phyla. All protists are ______________________ organisms, most of which are _________________________. Most animal-like protists can __________________, but all need to take in __________________. They can reproduce by _________________, _________________, and/or _________________. Some protists are plantlike. They produce _____________________ to make their own ____________________. As a bi-product, they produce _____________________ as well. These protists are considered the primary __________ ______________ for other organisms. Some will have a _________________________ to help them move about. The protists classified as fungus-like protest include _______________________. They are _______________________ and live off of ______________________. TRAITS ANIMAL-LIKE PLANT-LIKE FUNGUS-LIKE EUKARYOTIC UNICELLULAR MOVE ABOUT FOOD FISSION CONJUGATION SPORES CHLOROPHYLL OXYGEN FOOD FOOD SOURCE FLAGELLA