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Detailed examination of ocular structures including conjunctiva, reflexes for visual acuity and light, and pathways for pupil constriction. Also covers ocular muscles, fundus observation, and tears source.
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Conjunctiva is translucent and clear. The pink color of palpebral conjunctiva is due to underlying vascular bed. White Sclera is seen through bulbar conjunctiva
Note anterior and posterior chamber. Note ciliary body and lens connection
Sub conjunctival hemorrhage. Sharply demarcated.
Retina-Optic nerve-Optic chiasma-Optic radiation-Occiptal lobe visual cortex.
Note fovea as center for visual field. Locate site for blind spot in retina
Center of optic disc has no retinal receptors and leads to blind spot.
Afferent: Retina-optic nerve-mid brain Efferent: Both oculo motor nerves
Direct reflex on right Consensual reflex on left
Yes. Note direct and consensual light reflex
Right lateral rectus and left medial rectus. Gaze is conjugate.
Right abducens (right lateral rectus) and left oculomotor nerve (left medial rectus). Gaze is conjugate.
Oculomotor nerves. Superior rectus in action. Gaze is conjugate.
Both oculomotor nerves Inferior recti in action
Levator palpabrae supreioris Superior rectus Inferior recrtus
Superior oblique: Trochlear nerve Lateral rectus: Abducens nerve Oculomotor supplies the rest
Levator palpabrae superioris Iris muscle Muscle in floor of orbit
No. You should look at left fundus with your left eye.
Artery is narrow with light reflex Vein is thicker than artery and is red
Lacrimal gland • Meibonian glands • Conjunctival glands Drained by puncta into lacrimal sac and on to nasolacrimal duct into nose.