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Module 3A: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

Presented by: Caitlin Cusack UVM Extension. Module 3A: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid. Non-native - Asian Invasive Exclusive to hemlock trees Kills hemlocks Native trees not resistant No effective native natural enemies. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Identification.

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Module 3A: Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

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  1. Presented by: Caitlin Cusack UVM Extension Module 3A:Hemlock Woolly Adelgid

  2. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid • Non-native - Asian • Invasive • Exclusive to hemlock trees • Kills hemlocks • Native trees not resistant • No effective native natural enemies

  3. Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Identification

  4. Light infestation

  5. Distribution

  6. 2007 Mature, native trees

  7. Hemlock Springs Overlook Shenandoah National Park

  8. Affected by Cold Winter Temperatures • Most adelgids are killed when winter temperatures exceed – 22 degrees F. • They are more sensitive to cold temperatures in March than in Jan.-Feb. • They are likely to evolve to withstand colder winter temperatures over time. • Global warming should have a positive effect on adelgid survival and movement north.

  9. Damage

  10. Symptoms • Slow twig growth • Discoloration • Die back,thinning crown • Eventual death

  11. Dispersal How does HWA spread?

  12. Natural spread by Wind, Birds, & Mammals

  13. Stump of infested tree Photo: B. Burns

  14. The role of First Detectors

  15. Vermont Strategy- Slow the Spread • Eradication of outlying populations • Suppression activities on leading edge • Integrated management in infested areas • Surveys • Quarantine • Preserving genetic resistance • “X” Factor

  16. “X” Factor –Underlying concepts: • Early detection is critical • Most discoveries are made by informed citizens

  17. The “X” Factor = YOU

  18. What can citizens do? • Be on the look out – call if you find it • Take your bird feeder down in early spring • Don’t buy nursery stock from infested areas • Keep your hemlocks as healthy as possible • Don’t rush to salvage hemlock prematurely • Get others involved – start a local monitoring program

  19. Congratulations! You have now completed Module 3A. Please return to the First Detector Resource webpage at www.vtinvasives.org and complete the Module 3A Quiz. For more information and ideas: Go to http://www.vtinvasives.org/group/ take-stand-hemlock or Contact Jim Esden jim.esden@state.vt.us 802-885-8822

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