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OSHC Occupational Health Module

OSHC Occupational Health Module. OSHC Occupational Health Module. Department of Labor and Employment Occupational Safety and Health Center Occupational Health Module. OBJECTIVES. After this session, the participants will be able to: – Explain the key concepts of occupational health

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OSHC Occupational Health Module

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  1. OSHC Occupational Health Module

  2. OSHC Occupational Health Module Department of Labor and Employment • Occupational Safety and Health Center • Occupational Health Module

  3. OBJECTIVES After this session, the participants will be able to: • – Explain the key concepts of occupational health • – Discuss and explain common hazards in the workplace and their effects on workers health • – Describe the role of medical surveillance in preventing occupational illnesses and injuries • – Identify ways to protect one’s self from health hazards.

  4. Occupational Health Definition (WHO/ILO) • Promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental & social well-being of workers of all occupations • Prevention among its workers of departures from health caused by their working conditions • Protection of workers in their employment from risks usually from factors adverse to health • Placing & maintenance of the worker in an occupational environment adapted to his/her physiological ability.

  5. Data on Occupational Injuries and Illnesses • Global Estimates • ILO Estimates • based on 2001 Data (2005) • – Work-related accidents: 270 million/year • – Work-related illnesses: 160 million/year • Deaths: 2..2 million/year.

  6. Global Estimates: Deaths due to Work • (ILO 2002) • 32% Cancer • 23% Circulatory • 19%b Accidents and violence • 17% Contagious diseases • 7% Respiratory • 1% Major breakdowns/ psychological disorders • 1% Digestive system • 0.4% Uro-genital system [reproductive and the urinary systems]

  7. Contagious diseases 10. Smallpox 9. Typhoid Fever 8. Leprosy Leprosy 7. Influenza (the Flu) 6. Bubonic Plague 5. Cholera Cholera 4. Rabies 3. Anthrax 2. Ebola, Hanta & Hemorrhagic Fevers 1. HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus)/AIDS (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome)

  8. Data on Occupational Injuries and Illnesses: Philippines Sources • Administrative submission of annual accident and medical reports (Work Accident and illness Report WAIR and Annual Medical Report AMR) • Nationwide Sampling Survey (Integrated Survey – Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics BITS) • Database of compensation claims • Research and case studies.

  9. Annual Medical Report Data on Distribution of Specific Hazards (1996 – 2000)

  10. AMR: Top Ten Illnesses and DiseasesReported (1996 – 2000)

  11. Data on Occupational Illnesses and Injuries in the Philippines • Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics (BLES) • BLES Integrated Survey (BITS) 2007 – 2008 • Nationwide sampling survey • Sample: – Around 24,000 non-agricultural establishments employing 20 or more.

  12. Data on Occupational Illnesses and Injuries in the Philippines 2007/2008 BLES Integrated Survey (BITS) Non-agricultural establishments employing 20 or more workers

  13. Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) • Database of Employees Compensation Claims • Review and analysis of EC claims filed with the Social Security System.

  14. Top Work-Related Disorders(Reference Period: 1997 – 2000, SSS)

  15. Occupational Safety and Health Center (OSHC) • Surveillance of Occupational Illnesses and Injuries in the National Capital Region (NCR) • Survey of Occupational and Work-related Illnesses in Establishments with Company Physicians affiliated with PCOM

  16. Surveillance of Occupational Illnesses and Injuries in NCR Survey of Company Physicians affiliated with PCOM, 2005

  17. Occupational Health Hazards Workplace Hazards

  18. Hazard and Risk • A hazard is any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects on something or someone under certain conditions at work • Risk is the chance or probability that a person will be harmed or experience an adverse health effect if exposed to a hazard.

  19. Occupational Hazards 1.Chemical hazards 2.Physical hazards 3.Ergonomic stresses 4.Biological hazards

  20. Factors that Determine Disease Development • Workplace factors + Workers’ susceptibility = Occupational and Work-Related Diseases

  21. Health Hazards: Workplace Factors • Physical properties • Frequency of exposure • Duration of exposure • Magnitude of exposure • Timing of exposure • Multiplicity of exposure

  22. Health Hazards: Workers’ Susceptibility • Age • Gender • Genes • Race • Personal Hygiene • Health Habits (Smoking, alcohol, drugs) • Medical History

  23. CHEMICAL HAZARDS Routes of Entry into the Body • Inhalation (major route) • Ingestion • Skin Contact • Injection

  24. General Classification of Toxic Effects • Local toxicity: Occurs at the site of chemical contact -Irritation of skin, eyes, upper respiratory tract, lungs • Systemic toxicity: Distant site from point of contact, may involve many organ systems -Most chemicals produce systemic toxicity

  25. TOXICITY: Acute vs Chronic

  26. Occupational Kidney Diseases

  27. Respiratory Toxicity • pulmonary irritation • asthma/bronchitis • reactive airway disease • emphysema • allergic alveolitis • fibrotic lung disease • pneumoconiosis • lung cancer

  28. Dermal Toxicity • Dermal irritation due to skin exposure to gasoline • Dermal corrosion due to skin exposure to sodium hydroxide (lye) • Dermal hypersensitivity due to skin exposure to poison ivy • Skin cancer due to ingestion of arsenic or skin exposure to UV light

  29. Occupational Hematologic (Blood) Diseases

  30. OCCUPATIONAL HEART DISEASES

  31. OCCUPATIONAL LIVER DISEASES

  32. Eye Toxicity • acids and strong alkalis may cause severe corneal corrosion • methanol (wood alcohol) may damage the optic nerve

  33. Neurotoxicity • neuronopathies (neuron injury) • Organic mercury • axonopathies (axon injury) • Inorganic lead • n-hexane • demyelination (loss of axon insulation) • Tricholoroethylene • interference with neurotransmission • Organophosphates

  34. Immunotoxicity • Hypersensitivity • allergy and autoimmunity • Immunodeficiency, and uncontrolled proliferation • – Leukemia (benzene)

  35. Reproductive Toxicity • decreased libido and impotence • infertility • interrupted pregnancy (abortion, fetal death, or premature delivery) • infant death or childhood morbidity • altered sex ratio and multiple births • chromosome abnormalities and birth defects • childhood cancer

  36. PHYSICAL HAZARDS • Noise • Extremes of Temperature • Inadequate Illumination • Vibration • Radiation • – Ionizing • – Non-ionizing

  37. NOISE Hearing Damage from Noise Exposure • Acute: from loud noise such as blasts – (140-160 dB damages the eardrum) • Chronic: Due to long-term exposure to hazardous noise levels • Major risk Factor: Prolonged exposure to unprotected levels of noise (> 85 dB)

  38. Noise-induced Hearing Loss • Permanent hearing loss when exposed tomore than 85 dB(A) of noise for an extended period • Lowered work efficiency from added stress and fatigue

  39. Types of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Temporary threshold shift (auditory fatigue) – temporary loss of hearing acuity after exposure to loud noise – recovery within 16-48 hrs. Permanent threshold shift – irreversible loss of hearing – difficulty in understanding spoken words – familiar sounds are muffled – frequent tinnitus

  40. Actions to Prevent Noise-induced Hearing Loss • Periodic hearing tests should be carried out Harmful Effects of Noise • Hearing Damage • Interfere with work performance • Disturbs relaxation and sleep • Hypertension • Hyperacidity • Palpitations • Stress-related disorders

  41. Early Signs of Hearing Loss • Difficulty in understanding spoken words in a noisy environment • Need to be near or look at the person speaking to help understand words • Familiar sounds are muffled • Complaints that people do not speak clearly • Ringing noises in the ears (tinnitus)

  42. VIBRATION Vibration • Definition • Physical factor which affects man by transmission of mechanical energy from oscillating sources Types • - Whole body vibration • -Segmental vibration.

  43. Segmental Vibration: Health Effects • Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome (HAVS) • (secondary Raynaud’s Syndrome) • tingling, numbness, blanching of fingers • pain.

  44. Whole Body Vibration: Health Effects • (heavy equipment operators, bus/truck drivers) • –degenerative spinal changes • –gastrointestinal disturbances • –muscular and joint disorders.

  45. ILLUMINATION • Inappropriate Illumination • Usual Complaints • Visual Fatigue • Double Vision • Headaches • Painful irritation, • Lacrimation • Conjunctivitis • Occupational Effects of Visual Fatigue • Loss of productivity • Increased Accident Rate • More Mistakes • Lowering of Quality • Visual Complaints

  46. Recommended Illumination Levels

  47. Disorders Related to Heat Stress

  48. Radiation: Non-Ionizing & Ionizing

  49. Biologic Hazards • Anything of biological nature • Has potential to cause harm to humans • Viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites

  50. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) and ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)

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