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Essential Computing Concepts: System and Application Software

Learn the difference between system and application software, types of computers and microcomputers, and computer hardware including input, output, storage, and communication devices.

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Essential Computing Concepts: System and Application Software

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  1. Essential Computing I CSCI 104 Computing Concepts

  2. Objectives • Distinguish between system and application software. • Identify the four types of computers and the four types of microcomputers. • Describe computer hardware including the input, output, storage, and communication devices.

  3. INTRODUCTION What is a Computer System? An electronic device that can accept data as input, interpret and execute programmed instructions that operate on that data to produce information and then output the information.

  4. Software

  5. Software • Executable step by step instructions that tell the computer how to perform a task. • Two major kinds of software • System Software (Operating Systems) • Application Software

  6. SYSTEM Software • System Software • Linux (& its distributions) • Mac OS X • Windows 7 • Windows 10

  7. System Software • Provides User Interface • Interfaces between hardware and software • RAM Management • Hard Drive Management • Process Management • Network connections • Utilities: • Disk cleanup • Defrag

  8. APPLICATION Software • Application Software • Productivity Applications • Word, Excel, Access, and PowerPoint • Games & Other Applications • Solitaire and Dreamweaver

  9. APPLICATION Software • Two major categories • Basic Application or General purpose • Specialized Applications • “End-user” software

  10. DATA • Raw, unprocessed facts • Processing data creates information • Stored electronically in files: • Document Files • Worksheet Files • Presentation Files

  11. Document Files • Created by word processors to save documents such as memos, term papers, and letters

  12. Worksheet Files • Created by electronic spreadsheets to analyze things like budgets and to predict sales

  13. Presentation Files • Created by presentation graphics programs to save presentation materials. For example, a file might contain audience handouts, speaker notes, and electronic slides.

  14. Hardware

  15. HARDWARE Parts of the computer you can physically touch Types of Computers: • Supercomputer • Mainframe • Personal/Microcomputers • Tablet/Smart Phone

  16. Types of Microcomputers • Desktop • Laptop/Notebook • Tablet

  17. Desktop Computers • Small enough to fit on top of or alongside a desk yet are too big to carry around

  18. Notebook or Laptop Computers • Notebook computers, also known as laptop computers, are portable, lightweight, and fit into most briefcases • Advantages & Disadvantages?

  19. Tablet • Is a type of notebook computer that accepts your handwriting and senses touch. This input is digitized and converted for further processing by programs.

  20. Microcomputer Hardware • Four basic categories of equipment: - System Unit - Input/Output - Secondary Storage - Communication

  21. Input/Output • Common input devices ? • Common output devices ?

  22. System Unit • Two important components: • Microprocessor • Intel • AMD • Memory (RAM)

  23. Microprocessor • The central processing unit (CPU) “brain” • Responsible for instruction execution • Determines speed of computer

  24. STORAGE Inside the computer • Abitor binary digit has one of two values, zero or one • Abyteis the smallest addressable unit of memory (8 bits) • 256 patterns or 28 for each byte • 00000000 TO 11111111 • Each letter or number is stored in one byte

  25. Memory (RAM) • RAM – Random Access Memory • Stores active programs and data • Volatile (erased when power turned off) • Consider a UPS (uninterrupted power supply) • Measured in Bytes • 1 Megabyte = 220 characters (~1,000,000 bytes) • 1 Gigabyte = 230 characters (~1,000,000,000 bytes) • Comes with 2GB up to 16GB of RAM • Keep multiple programs & data files in memory • Graphic-intensive programs demand a lot of memory

  26. Other Memory (ROM) • ROM – Read Only Memory • Permanent memory that controls basic operations of the computer when in use • BOOTS UP the computer

  27. Secondary Storage • Unlike memory, secondary storage holds data and programs even if electrical power is not available

  28. Secondary Storage • Hard Disk Drive (HDD) • Solid State Drive (SSD) • Removable storage • CD-ROM • CD-R/CD-RW • DVD/DVD-R/DVD-RW • Tape (common for backups) • Flash Drives & SD Cards • Outdated • Zip disks • Floppy Disks

  29. Communication Hardware • Devices that allow computers to communicate with each other • Allows a LAN (local area network) to connect to a WAN (the Internet) • Modem/Cable Modem/DSL Modem – allows the computer to communicate over cables used for other transmissions (voice, cable TV, etc.)

  30. Communication Hardware • Network Card – Ethernet card or wireless • Router – Allows two or more devices to share the internet connection • Ethernet Cable – cable to connect the computer Ethernet network card to a router or modem

  31. HOW COMPUTERS WORK

  32. How System Hardware Interacts RAM Input Output CPU CD , DVD, Flash Drive Hard Drive

  33. File management

  34. Disk and File Management • A file is a set of instructions or data • Program file: Microsoft Word or Excel • Data File: Document or workbook • Copy, move, rename or delete a file • A folder allows us to organize our files • May contain files and/or other folders • A back up strategy is critical • What (data), When (whenever it changes), Where (off site), How (Windows Explorer), and Who (you)

  35. Antivirus Software • A computer virus is an actively infectious program that can erase data and/or alter the way your computer works • Worms and Trojan horses are other types of infectious programs, but all are bad • Computer viruses are spread through email, and/or infected floppy disks • Windows does not include an antivirus program; i.e., you must buy it separately and update it frequently • Windows 8&10 – Windows Defender • Should you get antivirus software?

  36. File Compression • Create a self-extracting file from the archive that does not require supporting software • Use WinZip/FileZilla (or compatible) program to create a compressed file or archive

  37. Questions/discussion

  38. Discussion Questions • What is system software? What kinds of programs are included in system software? • Define and compare basic and specialized application software. Describe some different types of basic applications. Describe some types of specialized applications.

  39. Discussion Questions • Describe the different types of computers. What is the most common type? What are the types of microcomputers?

  40. How to purchase a pc

  41. Purchase of a PC • What to Consider • How much can you spend? • Desktop or Laptop? • What will it be used for? • Hardware • RAM • Hard Drive Size • Screen Size • Network Card

  42. Purchase of a PC • Sound Card • Video Card • Processor Speed • Processor Type • Mac vs. Windows vs. Chrome

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