Understanding Body Membranes and Skin Structure: Skin Protection, Glands, and Hair Function

1. Chapters 4 and 5 Review

2. What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the surface of the heart? • Visceral pericardium

3. What type of membrane would be found lining the nasal passages? • Mucous membrane

4. What type of membrane would be found around your knee joint? • Synovial membrane

5. What type of membrane is your skin? • Cutaneous membrane

6. What type of membrane would line the cavity wall that houses the lungs? • Parietal pleura

7. How does skin protect its cells from UV radiation? • Melanocytes produce melanin, surrounds cell nuclei.

8. What is the name of the protein that keeps the skin waterproof, as well as keep it from drying out? • Keratin

9. Name the layers of the epidermis, starting from the surface. (thick skin) • Corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale.

11. What type of cutaneous gland secretes into a hair follicle, and has the function of lubricating and softening skin and hair? • Sebaceous gland

12. What type of cutaneous gland secretes into a hair follicle, is regulated by hormones and the nervous system, and has a yet unknown function. • Apocrine sweat gland

13. What type of cutaneous gland secretes onto the skin’s surface, and functions in thermoregulation? • Eccrine sweat gland

14. What part of the hair shaft contains the various pigments, that gives hair its color? • medulla

15. What part of the hair bulb is responsible for continual hair growth? • Hair matrix

16. Arrector pili muscles contract in response to what stimulus? • Cold, frightened

17. Why does the lunula appear white? • It is connected to the underlying tissues very tightly, little blood flow, no pink.

18. What type of burn would you most likely find blisters? • 2nd Degree burns

19. What type of burn would destroy dermal structures like hair follicles and glands? • 3rd Degree burn

20. Name the five functions of the skeletal system. • Support for rest of body • Protection of underlying soft organs/tissues • Allow for movement with muscle attachment • Storage of fat in yellow marrow, calcium in matrix • Blood cell production, red and white.

21. What type of bone would more likely be found where stresses come from many different directions? • Spongy Bone

23. What type of material are most bones made of in the womb, before ossification begins? • Hyaline cartilage

24. Name the three types of bone cells, what they do, and where they are found. • Osteocytes- mature bone cells, monitor surrounding matrix, lacuna • Osteoblasts- immature bone cells, make new bone, endosteum • Osteoclasts- break down bone matrix, endosteum, central and perforating canals

37. What are the three functional categories of articulations? • Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis

38. What are the three structural classifications of articulations? • Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

39. What structure surrounds synovial joints? • Joint capsule

40. What is the function of bursae? • Protect underlying softer tissues.

41. What type of joint are your carpals? • Gliding, plane

42. What type of joint is your elbow? • Hinge

43. What type of joint allows for the most range of motion? • Ball and socket

44. What arthritis is caused by age? • osteoarthritis

45. What happens to the bone matrix of a person with osteoporosis? • Matrix breaks down, becomes less dense, is weakened.