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INTERIOR OF EARTH

INTERIOR OF EARTH. FORCES. EXOGENIC. ENDOGENIC. EVIDENCES OF EARTH INTERIOR. INDIRECT SOURCES. DIRECT SOURCES. Temperature Pressure Density Study of Meteors Gravity Anomaly Magnetic Survey Seismic Activity. Deep Ocean drilling Project Integrated Ocean Drilling Project

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INTERIOR OF EARTH

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  1. INTERIOR OF EARTH FORCES EXOGENIC ENDOGENIC

  2. EVIDENCES OF EARTH INTERIOR INDIRECT SOURCES DIRECT SOURCES • Temperature • Pressure • Density • Study of Meteors • Gravity Anomaly • Magnetic Survey • Seismic Activity • Deep Ocean drilling Project • Integrated Ocean Drilling Project • Volcanic Eruption

  3. EARTHQUAKES • Shaking of Earth due to some internal or external disturbance. Epicentre Focus

  4. EARTHQUAKE WAVES Surface waves Body waves L waves S waves P waves P-wave: like sound wave, travel through all medium, propagate in the direction of wage, increase density of rock S-wave: Secondary wave, Cannot travel through liquid, propagate perpendicular to direction of wave L-wave: Surface wave, Cause of destruction on earth

  5. CORE SHADOW ZONE 1030 1030 S-Wave Shadow Zone

  6. CORE 1030 1030 P-Wave Shadow Zone SHADOW ZONE 1420 1420

  7. TYPES OF EARTHQUAKES Tectonic Mining Volcanic Explosion

  8. Tectonic Earthquakes generates due to sliding of rocks along fault plane. • Volcanic earthquakes originates due to volcanic explosion. • Mining earthquakes originates due to collapse of roofs of underground mines. • Explosion earthquakes originate due to chemical and nuclear explosion. • Reservoir add pressure of water in a region which give rise to imbalance of earth surface and cause earthquakes.

  9. EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKES • Ground Displacement • Floods from dam and levee failures • Fires • Structural Collapse • Falling Objects • Tsunami • Ground Shaking • Differential ground settlement • Land and mud Slides • Soil Liquefaction • Ground Lurching • Avalanches

  10. STRUCTURE OF EARTH Asthenosphere Mantle, 3.4g/m 2900KM Crust 30 to 70Km, 3g/m Core/ Nife 5100KM Moho discontinuity

  11. Crust: It is the top most layer of earth surface. • It extends upto 30km over continental crust and 5km in oceanic crust. • Its average density is 3g/com3 • Mantle extends from MOho’s discontinuity to a depth of 2900km • Upper mantle is known as Asthenosphere from where volcano originates. • Its density is 3.4g/cm3 • Core extends from 2900km to 6370km. It is also known as nife. Its density ranges from 5- 13 g/cm3 It is divided into inner core and outer core. Inner core is in solid for where as outer is in liquid.

  12. VOLCANOES • Shield Volcanoes • Composite Volcanoes • Caldera • Flood Basalt Province • Mid-Oceanic Ridge Volcanoes

  13. Shield Volcanoes are the largest of all volcanoes where fluid comes out with low explosion. Ex. Howaiian • Composite Volcanos are characterized by eruption of cooler and viscus lavas which accumulate in the vicinity. • Caldera volcanoes are most explosive where the mouth of volcano collapse and form a large depression. • Flood Basalt Province are outpouring of highly fluid lava which flows to a long distance. E.g. Deccan Trap • Mid-Oceanic Ridge volcanoes occur in the oceanic areas where central ridge experiences frequent eruptions. Ex. Mid-Atlantic ridges.

  14. Volcanic Landforms Intrusive Landforms (Plutonic rocks) Extrusive Landforms • Batholiths: Large dome, Deeper depth, • Lacoliths: Large dome shaped, pipe-like conduct, resemble like composite volcano • Lapolith: Horizontal, saucershape, concave to sky • Phacolith: Wavy mass, definite conduit • Sills: Horizontal, thick • Dykes:Vertical, western Maharastra

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