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MAX-DOAS Measurements in the Canadian High Arctic

MAX-DOAS Measurements in the Canadian High Arctic. Xiaoyi Zhao, Cristen Adams, Kimberly Strong University of Toronto Department of Physics July-3-2012 NDACC UV-Vis Working Group Meeting at BIRA. Outline. Status of PEARL Instruments upgrades Research tasks Data processing Summary.

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MAX-DOAS Measurements in the Canadian High Arctic

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  1. MAX-DOAS Measurements in the Canadian High Arctic Xiaoyi Zhao, Cristen Adams, Kimberly Strong University of Toronto Department of Physics July-3-2012 NDACC UV-Vis Working Group Meeting at BIRA

  2. Outline • Status of PEARL • Instruments upgrades • Research tasks • Data processing • Summary

  3. The PEARL at Eureka • Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory • Formerly Env. Canada’s Arctic Stratospheric Ozone Observatory • Run by the Canadian Network for Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) since August 2005 • ~25 experiments at 3 facilities • Located on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut (80°N, 86°W) • 15 km from Env. Canada’s Eureka Weather Station • 1100 km from North Pole Photo: Dan Weaver

  4. 2012: A Challenging Spring • February to April – annual ACE Arctic Validation Campaign • Weather was colder than usual at the Ridge Lab for longer than usual (-40 ºC for more than a few days) • Had issues with pipes freezing and rupturing • Difficulty keeping building heated • Blowing snow made it more difficult to keep the road open • On March 18, breaker in main panel failed • Power was shut off and some instruments slowly brought back on-line but limited heating • Breaker was repaired at end of campaign when electrician arrived • April 30 – PEARL ended full-time year-round operations • Efforts continue to find new sources of funding • Current status: no operator on site, automated instruments running with remote access, summer and fall campaigns planned • Will operate on a campaign basis for the immediate future

  5. 2010-2012 UV-Vis Publications • C. Adams, C. McLinden, K. Strong, and V. Umlenski. Ozone and NO2 variations measured during the August 1, 2008 solar eclipse above Eureka, Canada with a UV-visible spectrometer. J. Geophys. Res., 115, D19310, doi:10.1029/2010JD014424, 2010. • H. K. Roscoe  et al. Intercomparison of slant column measurements of NO2 and O4 by MAX-DOAS and zenith-sky UV and visible spectrometers. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 1629-1646, 2010. • A.J. M. Piters, et al. The CabauwIntercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide Measuring Instruments (CINDI): design, execution, and early results. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 5, 457-485, 2012. • C. Adams, K. Strong, X. Zhao, M.R. Bassford, M.P. Chipperfield, W. Daffer, J.R. Drummond, E.E. Farahani, W. Feng, A. Fraser, F. Goutail, G. Manney, C.A. McLinden, A. Pazmino, M. Rex, and K.A. Walker. Severe 2011 ozone depletion assessed with 11 years of ozone, NO2, and OClO measurements at 80°N. Geophys. Res. Lett., 39, L05806, 2012. • C. Adams, K. Strong, R.L. Batchelor, P.F. Bernath, S. Brohede, C. Boone, D. Degenstein, W.H. Daffer, J.R. Drummond, P.F. Fogal, E. Farahani, C. Fayt, A. Fraser, F. Goutail, F. Hendrick, F. Kolonjari, R. Lindenmaier, G. Manney, C.T. McElroy, C.A. McLinden, J. Mendonca, J.-H. Park, B. Pavlovic, A. Pazmino, C. Roth, V. Savastiouk, K.A. Walker, D. Weaver, and X. Zhao. Validation of ACE and OSIRIS ozone and NO2 measurements using ground-based instruments at 80N. Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 927-953, 2012. • C. Adams, K. Strong, X. Zhao, A.E. Bourassa, W.H. Daffer, D. Degenstein, J.R. Drummond, E.E. Farahani, A. Fraser, N.D. Lloyd, G.L. Manney, C.A. McLinden, M. Rex, C. Roth, S.E. Strahan, K.A. Walker, and I. Wohltmann. NOx-driven ozone loss and a frozen-in anticyclone observed during the Arctic spring 2011 stratospheric final warming. Submitted to Atmos. Chem. Phys., May 2012. • C. Adams, Measurements of Atmospheric Ozone, NO2, OClO, and BrO at 80N Using UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Toronto, May 2012.

  6. Outlook • Long-term operational funding for PEARL is an issue • Pursuing funds from new NSERC Climate Change and Atmospheric Research Program • Funding for students and science is better • Six-year NSERC CREATE Training Program in Arctic Atmospheric Science (2010-2016) • Two more years of CSA support for GOSAT validation (2012-14) • Several smaller NSERC science grants • May have a fall campaign, will be proposing a spring 2013 campaign to the Canadian Space Agency • NDACC data submission • 1999-2011 data have been reanalyzed following the NDACC UV-Vis Working Group recommendations. Data will be reorganized and submitted in the next couple of months.

  7. Jobin-Yvon Triax-180 triple grating spectrometer • Thermoelectrically cooled CCD detector • Operation indoors using dome • Automated operation (LabView) • History: • Involved in spring field campaigns since 1999 and currently at PEARL • Participated in CINDI 2009 (Roscoe et al., 2010) • Nearly identical to UT-GBS • Filter Wheel • History: • Installed permanently at PEARL in August 2006 • Installed sun tracker in 2008, enabling MAX-DOAS and direct-sun observations • NDACC certification in January 2009 Two Instruments UT-GBS (University of Toronto Ground-Based Spectrometer) PEARL-GBS (Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory GBS)

  8. Taking zenith-sky measurements Using 600 gr/mm grating center at 450 nm (visible) optimized for ozone, NO2 Viewing Geometries UT-GBS PEARL-GBS Taking zenith-sky/direct sun/MAX-DOASalternating measurements Using 1200 gr/mm grating center at 350 nm (UV) optimized for BrO

  9. UT-GBS • Input optics upgrade • removed F# matcher • installed AFO-XY fiber mount • changed the telescope lens (change from F#/2.5 to F#/4) • changed the telescope tube • FOV improved from 2° to 0.2° • Slit change (mechanical slit -> fixed slit)

  10. PEARL-GBS • Installed new dome mount & dome • Lowest elevation angle improved from 8° to 6° • Upgraded software (SynerJY1.8.5 -> SynerJY3.5) • Labview code has been modified for the upgrade

  11. Remote Power Control Plan UT-GBS Sundog PC PEARL-GBS Trax PC Moondog PC Tracker UPS UPS ibootbar Input A Input B

  12. Cooling system • Depolarization: 3 m long fiber/ mode mixing box Research Tasks

  13. Polarization Platt, U. & Stutz, J. Cristen Adams

  14. Viewing geometry: -180° Az measurement, negative elevation angle measurement • Data analysis: NDACC NO2 AMFLUT, daily reference -> individual scanning reference Research Tasks

  15. Research Tasks • Profile retrievals: Stratosphere, troposphere • Other research sources: DMPs (Derived Metrological Products), backward trajectory analysis, sea ice age data • Data comparison: Brewer spectrometers, the York University Tropospheric Ozone Lidar, OSIRIS, OMI …

  16. Preliminary MAX-DOAS DSCD Results (Single Daily Reference, 2011) Figure 2: PEARL-GBS MAX-DOAS BrO DSCDs from day 75 to 82 (upper three panels) and 87 to 95 (lower three panels), in 2011. DSCDs retrieved from different elevation angles (8°, 10°, 15, 30°, °45 and 90°) are shown in different colors. ‘BrO RMS’ means the root mean square of the BrO DOAS fits. O4 DSCDs retrieved from BrO DOAS fits are also shown.

  17. Preliminary MAX-DOAS DSCD Results (Single Daily Reference, 2011) Figure 2: PEARL-GBS MAX-DOAS BrO DSCDs from day 75 to 82 (upper three panels) and 87 to 95 (lower three panels), in 2011. DSCDs retrieved from different elevation angles (8°, 10°, 15, 30°, °45 and 90°) are shown in different colors. ‘BrO RMS’ means the root mean square of the BrO DOAS fits. O4 DSCDs retrieved from BrO DOAS fits are also shown.

  18. MAX-DOAS BrO with Individual Scanning Reference (2011 Campaign)

  19. MAX-DOAS BrO with Individual Scanning Reference (2011 Campaign)

  20. MAX-DOAS BrO with Individual Scanning Reference (2012 Campaign)

  21. MAX-DOAS BrO with Individual Scanning Reference (2012 Campaign)

  22. New NDACC NO2 AMFs

  23. New NDACC NO2 AMFs

  24. Summary • PEARL stopped its annual operation, but we still have campaign based operation and GBSs are continually taking measurements at PEARL without operator onsite • Both GBSs performed well during 2012 spring campaign • Instrumentation and viewing geometry upgrades are planned for the future • Preliminary MAX-DOAS DSCDs • Differences observed between VCDs retrieved with new AMF LUTs compared with old version.”

  25. Acknowledgements We gratefully acknowledge support from the following groups: PEARL/CANDAC • ARIF, AIF/NSRIT, CFCAS, CFI, CSA, EC, GOC-IPY, INAC, NSERC, NSTP, OIT, ORF, PCSP, SEARCH ACE Arctic Campaigns • Co-PI Kaley Walker • CSA, EC, NSERC, NSTP Logistical and operational support at Eureka • The wonderful team at the EC Weather Station • CANDAC/PEARL PI James R Drummond • PEARL site manager Pierre Fogal • The CANDAC operators BIRA-IASB • Thanks to M. Van Roozendael and F. Hendrick provide us NDACC NO2 AMFs LUT v1_0 • Thanks to Caroline Fayt provide us QDOAS2.0

  26. Thank you！ xizhao@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca

  27. MAX-DOAS BrO 2011 • Day 95 Elevation angle = 6° SZA = 75.5 °

  28. MAX-DOAS BrO2012 • Day 116 Elevation angle = 5° SZA =67.3 °

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