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WEST NILE VIRUS: AN INVASIVE PATHOGEN TO THE AMERICAS

WEST NILE VIRUS: AN INVASIVE PATHOGEN TO THE AMERICAS. Christopher J. Brand, USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin. Worldwide Distribution. www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/index.htm. Transmission Cycle. West Nile Virus Epizootic in Wild Birds 1999.

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WEST NILE VIRUS: AN INVASIVE PATHOGEN TO THE AMERICAS

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  1. WEST NILE VIRUS: AN INVASIVE PATHOGEN TO THE AMERICAS Christopher J. Brand, USGS National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin

  2. Worldwide Distribution www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/westnile/index.htm

  3. Transmission Cycle

  4. West Nile Virus Epizootic in Wild Birds 1999 Thousands of crows died from deadly virus and 17 other native bird species affected also

  5. Source of West Nile Virus in North America • Infected mosquito? • Infected bird? • Infected human or horse? • Another vertebrate host? • Bio-terrorism? • Likely to remain unknown

  6. 1999 2000 2001 2002 Spread of WNV: 1999-2002

  7. West Nile Virus in Birds, 2002

  8. >162 Susceptible Bird Species • Passeriformes (45%) • Falconiformes (12%) • Anseriformes (6%) • Ciconiiformes (5%) • Columbiformes (5%)

  9. > 37 Mosquito Species Infected • Aedes • albopictus • Culex • salinarius, tarsalis • Ochlerotatus • atropalpus, j. japonicus

  10. West Nile Virus in Horses, 2002 >12,038 Cases > 733 Deaths

  11. West Nile Virus in Humans, 2002 >4,156 Cases 284 Deaths

  12. 2001 2002 2003 ? Potential Dissemination of WNV by Migratory Birds

  13. Migratory Bird Sampling Goose Island SP, WI Great Meadows NWR, MA Wertheim NWR, NY Jamaica Bay WR, NY Mark Twain NWR, IL Cape May NWR, NJ Chincoteague NWR, VA Shelby County, TN Croatan Nat’l Forest, NC Savannah NWR, SC Southeast Louisiana NWR, LA Merritt Island NWR, FL St. Marks NWR, FL JN ‘Ding’ Darling NWR, FL Mercedes, TX Lower Rio Grand Valley NWR, TX Laguna Atascosa NWR, TX Key West, FL

  14. Research Results:WNV Transmission by Contact

  15. Research Results:WNV Transmission by Ingestion

  16. Research Results:WNV Vaccine Efficacy

  17. NBII Wildlife Disease Information Node Wildlife Diseases Disease Surveillance And Mapping Human Health Organizations And Links WildPro

  18. West Nile Virus:A Threat to Biodiversity???

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