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American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War

American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War. III. The Holocaust. Bell Ringer. Define genocide. Besides the holocaust – when else has genocide occurred? What are some synonyms of holocaust?. Objectives. In what ways did Germany persecute Jews in the 1930s?

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American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War

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  1. American History Chapter 18: World War II: Americans at War III. The Holocaust

  2. Bell Ringer • Define genocide. • Besides the holocaust – when else has genocide occurred? • What are some synonyms of holocaust?

  3. Objectives • In what ways did Germany persecute Jews in the 1930s? • How did Germany's policies toward Jews develop from murder into genocide?

  4. The Nazis r

  5. Herman Goering • Head of the police and Gestapo • Head of the Luftwaffe

  6. Rudolph Hess • Deputy Fuhrer • Crash landed in Britain in 1941 • Murdered in Spandau prison in 1989

  7. Heinrich Himmler • Head of the SS

  8. Ernst Roehm • Head of SA

  9. Joseph Goebbels • Head of Propaganda

  10. Martin Bormann • Hitler’s Secretary

  11. Albert Speer • Minister of the Interior

  12. A) Setting the Scene • Aryans are German people • Semites are Arabs and Jews • anti-Semitism: discrimination, hostility, and violence directed at Jews • Quote 609

  13. B) Persecution in Germany • 1933 Hitler makes ant-Semitism the official policy of Germany • Holocaust: Nazi Germany's systematic murder of European Jews. • 6 million Jews – 6 million other

  14. a) Nazi Policies • Boycotts of Jew businesses • Nuremberg Laws took German citizenship • Jews and non-Jews no marriage • 1938 lost businesses • Doctors and lawyers forbidden to work for non-Jews • Identity cards – Sarah and Israel – letter J on clothing

  15. b) Hitler’s Police • SS – Schutzstaffel – “black shirts” • Gestapo – German secret police • Concentration camps: place where political prisoners and “undesirables” are confined. Harsh. • Communists, Jews, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witness, Gypsies, and homeless

  16. c) Kristallnacht • German thugs throughout Germany and Austria looted and destroyed Jewish stores, houses, and synagogues • Kristallnacht – night of broken glass • Fined the Jews to pay for damage

  17. d) Refugees Seek an Escape • Jews tried to get out of Germany – allowed but most recaptured later • US did not allow more Jews into country

  18. C) From Murder to Genocide • Ghettos – self contained areas surrounded by wall and guards where Jews forced to live 14) Warsaw Ghetto: ghetto in the capital of Poland for Jews

  19. a) The Einsatzgruppen • Special action squads/mobile killing squads • Babi Yar – killed 33,000 Jews in 2 days • Wannsee Conference: where the final solution to the Jewish question was created • Genocide: deliberate destruction of an entire ethnic or cultural group

  20. b) The Death Camps • Zyklon B poison gas most efficient way to kill people • 6 camps built in Poland – EZ • Death Camps – mass murder camps • 2 biggest Auschwitz (1.5 mil) and Majdanek • Young and old killed – rest worked to death • Death chambers disguised as shower rooms • Cruel medical experiments • SS unit – Totenkopfverbande (Death Head Units) man the camps

  21. c) Fighting Back • 1943 uprising at Treblinka death camp closed it for days • Warsaw Ghetto uprising – Jews received info that they were being killed – 50,000 Jews held out for 27 days

  22. d) Rescue and Liberation • US knew about camps by 1942 but did little • Denmark – all 8,000 Jews smuggled out to Sweden • War Refugee Board: program that tried to help save people threatened by the Nazis • US troops stumbled upon camps • Nuremberg Trials: international military tribune conducted by the allies that convicted Nazis of War crimes • “following orders”

  23. Review • In what ways did Germany persecute Jews in the 1930s • How did Germany’s polices toward Jews develop from murder into genocide?

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