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The Radical Stages of the French Revolution (1792—1794)

The Radical Stages of the French Revolution (1792—1794). Declaration of Pilnitz The Girondins National ‘Convention’ The Monarchists “levee en masse” The Jacobins Treason The Committee of Public Safety The Guillotine Maximilien de Robespierre.

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The Radical Stages of the French Revolution (1792—1794)

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  1. The Radical Stages of the French Revolution (1792—1794) Declaration of Pilnitz The Girondins National ‘Convention’ The Monarchists “levee en masse” The Jacobins Treason The Committee of Public Safety The Guillotine Maximilien de Robespierre

  2. The Radical Stages of the French Revolution: 1792—1794 “Aspirations to Equality”

  3. The Political Spectrum liberal Status quo conservative “seeking more change” “keep things the same”

  4. “. . . . Every citizen has the right to seize conspirators and counter-revolutionaries and to arraign them before magistrates. He is required to denounce them when he knows of them.”

  5. “His Majesty the Emperor [of Austria] and His Majesty the King of Prussia…declare that the situation in which His Majesty the King of France is in is an object of common interest to all the sovereigns of Europe. [We are therefore] resolved to act promptly in a mutual agreement with the necessary forces in order to obtain the proposed and common goal.” The Declaration of Pilnitz, August, 1791 (An attempt by Austria and Prussia to curb the French threat to the stability of Europe.)

  6. The National ‘Assembly’ • The “Assembly” changes its name to the “Convention.” • In 1791, the National Convention has its first meeting. • It is comprised of three groups of people: • The Feuillants, the Girondins, and the Jacobins.

  7. The Political Spectrum (…again!) liberal moderate conservative “seeking more change” “will accept some change” “keep things the same” The Jacobins The Girondins The Feuillants

  8. The National ‘Convention’ • The peasants , however, were demanding equal representation. • “Levee en masse” To show their seriousness, they attacked the King’s palace, killing hundreds.

  9. “Radicalization of the Rev.” • In April, 1792, because of this assault, the National Convention declares war on all opposed to the Revolution (monarchists) • By August, the Feuillants are forced out of the Convention. It is now a two party Convention (Girondins and Jacobins)

  10. “Radicalization of the Rev.” • In September 1792, the Convention declares France a Republic. • In December, King Louis XVI was placed on trial for “violating the liberties of his subjects” as written in the Constitution. • This is treason. • He is sentenced to death by beheading.

  11. The Guillotine • Used to behead those convicted of treason. • 40 000 people were put to death this way by the end of 1799. • Often 60 people a day were guillotined in front of large crowds. • Beheading was considered the most humane method of execution. • But was it really?

  12. The Execution of King Louis XVI(January 21, 1793, 10:22 am)

  13. The Old Way

  14. The Reign of Terror • The King’s execution immediately sparks war in Europe. • In April, 1793, the Jacobins, the largest party in the National Convention, set up a Committee of Public Safety to protect France from Europe. • Its leader is Maximilien de Robespierre

  15. Maximilien de Robespierre • In September, Robespierre granted emergency power to The Committee to “detain those suspected as enemies (spies) of the Republic.” By the end of 1794, over 100 000 people were arrested. • Those BELIEVED guilty, were executed. • By summer 1794, Robespierre had so much power that he was feared now by the people who did the killings. • He was executed by guillotine on July 27, 1794.

  16. What happens next? Napoleon Bonaparte

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