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Pyramid of Energy

Pyramid of Energy. Pyramid of Biomass. People’s Activities and their Harmful Effects on the Ecosystem. Growing Population. More people will occupy space, need food and water, use energy and other resources. There will be tough competition for resources.

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Pyramid of Energy

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  1. Pyramid of Energy

  2. Pyramid of Biomass

  3. People’s Activities and their Harmful Effects on the Ecosystem

  4. Growing Population • More people will occupy space, need food and water, use energy and other resources. • There will be tough competition for resources. • More wastes and pollution will be produced.

  5. Pollution • It is any environmental change that causes harm to living organisms and destruction to nonliving things. • Pollution of air, water and land

  6. Air Pollution Sources of air pollution • Smoke from factories • Fumes from vehicles • Burning of coal and other fuel

  7. Examples of Air Pollutants • Sulfur dioxide • Carbon dioxide • Carbon monoxide • Nitrogen oxide • CFCs • Dust • Smoke • Sand • Pollen grains • Pesticides • Acids

  8. Water Pollution Sources of water pollution • Domestic wastes • Industrial wastes • Oil spills

  9. Land Pollution Land pollution is mainly due to solid wastes from • Homes • Hospitals • Industrial areas • Commercial areas

  10. Land Pollution Solid wastes include • Metal • Glass • Tin cans • Paper • Food waste • Plastic bags • Styrofoam boxes

  11. Destruction of Natural Resources • Illegal logging • Muro-ami • Cyanide fishing • Dynamite fishing

  12. Ecosystem management: Soil, Forest, and Wildlife Conservation

  13. Presidential Decree 1152 also known as Philippine Environmental Code • Article IV of this code addresses natural resources management and conservation of soil, forests and wildlife.

  14. Natural Resources and their Importance Soil • Serves as habitat to many creatures • Used for farming • We construct our homes on soil • Being mined for minerals and other products • Forests grow on soil

  15. Natural Resources and their Importance Water • Fundamental in maintaining life • Almost all human activities requires water • Bodies of water like rivers, seas, lakes and oceans are sources of food • It is habitat to many organisms

  16. Soil Conservation

  17. 1. Managing Topography The following practices reduces erosion on hills and mountains: • Contour plowing – plowing across the hill rather than up and down • Strip farming – planting different kinds of crops in alternating strips across the land • Terracing – shaping of land to create level shelves of earth to hold water and soil. • Planting of perennial plants (plants that grow for more than two years)

  18. 2. Managing Ground Cover • Leaving crop residues – reduces evaporation on soil, protects the soil organisms that fertilize the soil and reduces soil erosion • Interplanting – planting two different crops in the same field. For example beans may be planted between corn plants • Mulching – the process of covering ground with a mixture of manure, wood strips, straw, seaweeds and other natural products.

  19. 3. Using Tillage System • Minimum till – involves use of a disc or a chisel plow • Conserve till – uses coulter, a sharp disc that looks like a pizza cutter • No till – drilling the seeds into the ground through mulch and other ground cover

  20. Forest Conservation • Reforestation • Regulation of logging • Prohibition of “kaingin” or the slash-and –burn method of agriculture • Lessen the use of wood products like paper and wood furniture

  21. Conservation of Natural Biota • Legal solutions • Technical solutions • Personal solutions

  22. Healing and Restoring the Environment

  23. Minimizing Waste and Maximizing Resources Practice the 3Rs • Reduce • Reuse • Recycle

  24. Composting • Natural process that involves decomposition of biodegradable materials by bacteria.

  25. Environmental Education and Programs • Formal (as a subject in school like ecology) • Nonformal (lectures, seminars or training) • Can also be learned at home

  26. Sustainable Development • Process by which the quality of economic and social life of the people is improved without destroying the environment so that the future generations can still enjoy a clean and healthy environment.

  27. Scope of 4th Quarter Exam 1. Inner and Outer Planets 2. Physical Properties of the Planets 3. Movements of the Planets 4. Minor Members of the Solar System 5. Stars and its Characteristics 6. Life Cycle of Stars 7. Celestial Formations 8. Space Explorations 9. Levels of Organization of Life 10. The Cell: Definition, Characteristics, Parts and Functions 11. Characteristics of Living Things 12. Types of Interactions 13. Symbiosis 14. Beneficial or Harmful Relationships 15. Cycles of Matter and Nutrients 16. Ecosystem 17. People’s Activities and their Harmful Effects on the Ecosystem 18. Ecosystem Management 19. Healing and Restoring the Environment

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