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WEEE, RoHS, EuP, REACH, IPP & ISOTR14062

WEEE, RoHS, EuP, REACH, IPP & ISOTR14062. Professor Martin Charter Director The Centre for Sustainable Design Martin Charter & Associates. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Objectives. The reduction of waste electrical and electronic equipment

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WEEE, RoHS, EuP, REACH, IPP & ISOTR14062

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  1. WEEE, RoHS, EuP, REACH, IPP & ISOTR14062 Professor Martin Charter Director The Centre for Sustainable Design Martin Charter & Associates

  2. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Objectives • The reduction of waste electrical and electronic equipment going to landfill • To increase re-use, recycling and other forms of recovery, and therefore help conserve the worlds limited resources. • To improve the environmental performance of all operators in the life cycle of electrical and electronic products.

  3. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Coverage Producer means all companies that sell in the EU: • manufacturing selling EEE under own brand • companies reselling under own brand other’s products • companies professionally importing or exporting into the EU • ‘first holder’ • Includes distance selling, internet sales, etc

  4. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Background • Published – February 2003 • Member States (MS) transposition by August 2004 • This is an Article 175 Directive – which sets minimum levels and means that WEEE will be transposed differently in separate MS • Basic Requirements: electronics producers to establish and finance systems for the collection and recycling of separately collected electronic products from the 13th August 2005 . • Meet recovery and recycling targets according to product category by the 31st December 2006 • The separation of hazardous components and materials at end of life also by 31st December 2006

  5. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Collection • Member States must ensure that 4 kg of WEEE from private households is collected on average per inhabitant per year beginning December 31, 2006 • New collection targets will be set by Dec 31, 2008 based on the percentage of quantities of EEE sold to private households in the preceding years • Consumers can return WEEE free of charge • Retailers must offer free take-back • Business to Business: commercial arrangements

  6. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Financial Requirements • Producers of all new products sold on the EU market after August 13, 2005 will be financially responsible for their own waste • Provide a financial guarantee for future recycling - Proof that in a collective system, OR - Recycling insurance, OR - Blocked bank account

  7. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Historic/ Orphaned Products • Existing producers are responsible • By proportion of market share, by type of equipment, when costs occur • Processed through a collective system.

  8. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: UK Clearing House • The Clearing House would possibly allocate each collection to an individual or groups of producers, who would have to collect their waste within a set time for treatment.The producers or their compliance organisations must contract with treatment organisations for recycling and reporting of data.

  9. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: UK Clearing House • Provide a free collection service, on demand within a stipulated timescale, from a civic amenity (CA) and retailer collection sites • Run and operated by producers – ‘ not for profit’ • Allocate WEEE direct to producers to arrange treatment, recovery and recycling • Work with enforcement authorities • Could hold register of producers, collect data on products put onto the UK market

  10. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Recovery and Recycling • Recovery and recycling targets - 31st December 2006 • Recycling includes re-use of components, and processing material and substances for use in future products. • Recovery includes the recycling element plus incineration for energy recovery and composting.

  11. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Recovery/ Recycling Targets By Product Category Product categories Recovery/recycling targets • Large Household appliances 80/75 • Small household appliances 70/50 • IT and Telecommunications 75/65 • Consumer equipment 75/65 • Lighting equipment 70/50 • Electrical and electronic tools 70/50 • Toys, leisure & sports 70/50 • Medical devices No targets yet • Monitoring and control equipment 70/50 • Automatic dispensers 80/75 • Gas discharge lamps 80/80

  12. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Treatment 1 • Producers must treat WEEE beginning 31st December 2006: • Pre-treatment by disassembly, shredding, recovery or preparation for disposal of WEEE • Removal of all fluids and selective treatment • Can be done on an individual or collective basis • Third party organisations may be used • Minimum quality, storage and treatment requirements • Permits will be required to treat WEEE • Treatment outside EU is possible

  13. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Treatment 2 • Separation of hazardous components and materials at ‘end of life’ including: • Asbestos waste and components containing asbestos • Mercury containing components • Batteries • Printed circuit boards over 10 square cms (all mobiles) • Toner cartridges, liquid and pasty as well as colour • Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) • Liquid crystal displays over 100 square cms • Electrolyte capacitors • Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) containing capacitors • Plastics: brominated flame retardants • External electric cables

  14. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Requirements on Producers • Producers of all new products sold on the EU market after August 13, 2005 must: • Consider product content and design • Provide information to users • Mark the product with crossed-out dustbin and possibly date

  15. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Marking and Information Government proposes to meet the Directives provisions by: • Obligation on producers to meet the Directive’s marking requirements (will take account of CENELEC standard) • Obligation on producers to make available information, on request, on scope for recycling of their products • Obligation on retailer take-back organisation to signpost consumer to local WEEE collection

  16. Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive: Register ofProducers • The WEEE Directive requires a register of products • Government has proposed that registration be a condition of placing electrical and electronic equipment on the UK market • Aiming at light touch registration • Register could be held by “Clearing House” • Environment Agencies to enforce

  17. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: Background • Published - February 2003 • Member States transposition by August 2004 • Lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB, and PBDE banned from 1st July 2006 • The producer is responsible for all costs • This is an Article 95 Single Market Directive. Non-compliance could result in products being banned for sale within the EU until the offending substance(s) is removed

  18. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: Scope • All products in the WEEE Directive except medical equipment and monitoring and control equipment • This Directive does not apply to spare parts for the repair, or to the reuse, of electrical and electronic equipment put on the market before 1 July 2006.

  19. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: Lead • A threshold limit of 0.1% of homogeneous material will be put on the use of lead (The definition of homogeneous material has not yet been agreed) • Lead could be used in: • solder for electronics • SMD pads • protective covering for cables • heat transfer medium • batteries • pigments • corrosion inhibitors • paints • protection from X-rays • alloy in steel, copper and other metals • plastics • ceramics.

  20. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: Lead Exemptions • Lead in glass of cathode ray tubes, electronic components and fluorescent tubes • Lead as an alloying element in steel containing up to 0.35% lead by weight, aluminium containing up to 0.4% lead by weight and as a copper alloy containing up to 4% lead by weight • Lead in solders for servers, storage and storage array systems (exemption granted until 2010) • Lead in solders for network infrastructure equipment for switching, signalling, transmission as well as network management for telecommunication • Lead in electronic ceramic parts (e.g. piezoelectronic devices)

  21. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: Cadmium • A threshold limit of 0.01% of homogeneous material will be put on the use of Cadmium • Cadmium could be used in: • steel and copper alloys. • electroplating for steel & cast iron, • stabilisers in polymers, • pigments in paints and plastics, • batteries including Ni-Cd, • solder including for aluminium, • reactor control rods, • catalysts

  22. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: Cadmium Exemptions • Cadmium plating except for applications banned under Directive 91/338/EEC amending Directive 76/769/EEC relating to restrictions on the marketing and use of certain dangerous substances and preparations • 91/338/EEC bans cadmium plating in the following applications: • Equipment and machinery for food production agriculture, cooling and freezing, printing and book-binding. Production of household goods, furniture, sanitary ware, central heating and air conditioning plant, paper and board, textiles and clothing • Industrial handling equipment and machinery, road and agricultural vehicles, rolling stock, and vessels. Exemptions for safety critical applications/sectors including electrical contacts in any sector of use, on account of the reliability required of the apparatus on which they are installed

  23. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: Mercury • A threshold limit of 0.1% of homogeneous material will be put on the use of Mercury • Mercury could be used in: • accumulators • anti-fouling paints • back lights for LCDs • barometers • batteries • electrical switches • electric rectifiers • high density discharge lamps • pyrometers • thermostats.

  24. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: Mercury Exemptions • Mercury in compact fluorescent lamps not exceeding 5 mg per lamp • Mercury in straight fluorescent lamps for general purposes not exceeding • halophosphate 10 mg • triphosphate with normal lifetime 5 mg • triphosphate with long lifetime 8 mg • Mercury in straight fluorescent lamps for special purposes • Mercury in other lamps not specifically mentioned in this Annex

  25. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: Hexavalent Chromium • A threshold limit of 0.1% of homogeneous material will be put on the use of Hexavalent Chromium • Hexavalent Chromium could be used in: • electroplating plating of metals, (fasteners, electronic components) • pigments • plastics etchant for electroless plating, • solderability preservatives

  26. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: Hexavalent Chromium Exemptions • Hexavalent chromium as an anti-corrosive in carbon steel cooling systems in absorption refrigerators.

  27. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: PBBs • A threshold limit of 0.1% of homogeneous material will be put on the use of Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBBs) • PBBs could be used in: • plastic components • wiring • vehicle (under bonnet) connectors • housings • textiles.

  28. Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive: PBDEs • A threshold limit of 0.1% of homogeneous material will be put on the use of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs). • PBDEs could be used in: • plastic components • textiles.

  29. Restriction of Hazardous Substances RoHS Directive: PBDEs Exemptions • Penta and Octa - BDEs are included in the ban • Deca - BDE is a undergoing separate risk assessment. It will probably be exempted.

  30. Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive: Background What is the EuP Directive? • Since over 80% of all product-related environmental impacts are determined during the product design phase, integrating environmental considerations early into the product development process is the most effective way of reducing their impact. This is what the EuP is trying to address. • The EuP Directive attempts to set a common framework under which this should be done for energy using and producing products.

  31. Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive: Scope • EuP Directive applies to products dependent on energy input and output by electricity, fossil and renewable fuels. It includes parts intended to be incorporated in the EuP • EuP Directive does not apply to products used for transportation

  32. Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive: Status • The proposal has just passed the Committee stage in the European Parliament. • European Parliament and the Council have been rushing to complete work on adopting it before the European Parliament elections and the enlargement of the EU this year. • Proposal to change the focus from Article 95 (Single Market) to Article 175

  33. Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive: Impact Orgalime Press Statement • “This is one of the most ambitious, complex and far reaching pieces of legislation which our industries have faced in the last twenty years…” • “EuP will indeed establish a framework in an area, which is at the core of the manufacturer’s competence, namely the design of his product.”

  34. Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive: A Framework Directive What is a Framework Directive? • It sets guidelines and rules on how any new laws on specific product(s) within the scope of the Framework, called implementation legislation, should be written. • The Framework Directive will focus on products: - Large volume - Major environmental impacts - Areas for improvement • Any implementation legislation can then be introduced rapidly.

  35. Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive: Ecological Profile • Companies will be required to produce an ‘Ecological Profile’ of a product. This consists of two parts: • Generic Eco-design Requirements: Gives general principles and criteria on how eco-design should be applied during product launch. • Specific Eco-design Requirements: Specific limits/targets to be met.

  36. Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive: Components & Sub-assemblies • Suppliers of components and sub-assemblies will have to supply the information to allow manufacturers of energy using products (EuPs) to build an ecological profile of their products. • This could result in suppliers having to provide information on: • Material composition • Energy consumption and other resource use • Environmental assessment related to their use and end-of-life management.

  37. Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive: Conformity Assessment • Every new product covered by the implementation legislation will require a conformity assessment carried out on it prior to market launch. • This assessment will have to be done under a documented system called “Internal Design Control” and available for inspection. • For manufacturers not established in the EU, it is the responsibility of the person putting it on the EU market to ensure the requirements are met.

  38. Energy Using Products (EuP) Directive: Conclusions • The text of the proposal states the Directive should be implemented by national governments by the 1st July 2006. • Producers will need to include eco-design in there product development process in order to minimise their end-of-life treatment costs. It therefore makes sense to take into account the EuP Directive when doing this. • Lack of good data is major current and future concern • Controlling Conformity Assessment of companies with no presence in Europe will be a mammoth task for importers.

  39. Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals(REACH): Background • Legislation would be introduced to cover all substances used in quantities above 1 ton per year • All applicable existing substances to be tested and registered: 30,000 substances • Production volume greater than 1000 t by the end of 2005 • Production volume greater than 100 t by the end of 2008 • Production volume greater than 1 t by the end of 2012

  40. Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals(REACH): Implications • Producers and importers to pay the costs, estimated at about €2.1 billion by the EU. • Responsibility for use of chemicals will be extended along the manufacturing chain • Downstream users could be required to carry out additional testing where use differs from those originally envisaged by manufacturers and importers

  41. Integrated Product Policy (IPP): Definitions Integrated Product Policy (IPP) • Public policy which aims at or is suitable for continuous improvement in the environmental performance of products and services within a life-cycle context.(Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Bonn, June 1999) Environmental Product Policy (EPP) • A broad term for environmental product policies; used for national product policies in national states

  42. Integrated Product Policy (IPP): Communication 1 • June 2003 • DG Environment • Greening the market • Focus: products rather products & services • Approach: 5 elements - Lifecycle Thinking (LCT) - Working with the market - Stakeholder involvement - Continuous improvement - Variety of policy instruments

  43. Integrated Product Policy (IPP): Communication 1 • Focus pilots on specific product areas - Large volume - Major environmental impacts - Areas for improvement • Extension - Company obligation (not before 2005) - Environmental product declarations (2005) - Green procurement plans (2006)

  44. ISOTR14062: integration of environmental considerations into product design & development

  45. seeba website • Further information on the status of the WEEE, RoHS, EuP, REACH, IPP and ISOTR14062 can be found on the seeba website at: www.cfsd.org.uk/seeba • Includes: • Links to the full text of the directive. • Status in the individual EU countries. • Fact sheets on the directive • Presentations from some of the leading experts in the field. • Legislation and environmental information for over 70 countries.

  46. Contact Details Professor Martin Charter Director Martin Charter & Associates Tel: 00 44 1252 722162 Fax: 00 44 1252 722162 Email: martincharter@compuserve.com The Centre for Sustainable Design Tel: 01252 892772 Fax: 01252 892747 Email: mcharter@surrart.ac.uk Web: www.cfsd.org.uk

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