Immigration in the Late 1800s: Reasons, Challenges, and Discrimination

1. Bellwork • What reasons can you think of that might make you or your family get up and move across the country to a new state?

2. Immigration

3. Immigration Change • Prior to 1890 • Western Europe • Northern Europe • Chinese and Japanese • After 1890 • South Europe (Italy) • Central Europe (Austria-Hungary) • Eastern Europe (Russia)

4. Immigration Change • Early Years • Immigrated because of necessity (Famine) • Hardship • After 1890 • Farming in Europe became easier. • Land was used up because farming was easier • Younger people looking to start their own farms • Move to U.S. where there is an abundance of land • Steamship made it cheap to move

5. Immigration • Transcontinental Railroad • Connected East to West • Work was done mostly by Irish and Chinese immigrants and African Americans. • Homestead Act 1862 • 160 acres of land was offered to head of households. • Land was located in the west. • Those who made the railroads vied for the land.

14. Ellis Island • Immigrants from Europe were taken to be inspected • Located in New York Harbor • Busiest Inspection station in U.S. from 1892 – 1934 • Immigrants checked for Disease. • 2% of all immigrants were turned away.

15. Assignment • Split class into 6 groups. • Give each group an immigrant to research. (provide the name and website) • Group is to be able to take explain the following questions: • What Country did your person come from? • Why did you person leave their country? • What was the trip like? • What was it like upon arriving into America? • Explain one thing you found interesting about your person.

16. Assignment • Seymour Rechtzeit • www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/relive-boys-journey • Annie Moore • www.coedu.usf.edu/culture/Story/Story_Ireland.htm • Clifford Smith • campsilos.org/ecursions/grout/one/act5a.htm • Nicholas Sulentic • campsilos.org/ecursions/grout/one/act5b.htm • Henry Nauman • campsilos.org/ecursions/grout/one/act5c.htm • George P. Beck • campsilos.org/ecursions/grout/one/act5d.htm

18. Bellwork • What does the following quote mean? How does this quote relates to the immigrants of the late 1800’s? • “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door.” • Emma Lazarus

19. First site European Immigrants Seen of U.S.

20. European Immigration • Quick Review from Yesterday

22. Family Waiting to Land

23. Immigrants Waiting to be Processed

24. Irish • Reasons why Irish left. • British controlled life in Ireland. • Farming difficult because of Potato Famine. • Poor • Hatred for Irish Develops in U.S. • Irish lived in slums • Blamed for crime, disease, and alcohol abuse. • Irish were Catholic

25. Irish • Religion • America was primarily Protestant • People believed Irish would be more loyal to Pope then President • Just For Jeopardy (do not write) • Protestants do not believe the Pope has Universal Authority. • Bible alone is the truth.

26. Know-Nothing Party • Spin off from Republican Party • Anti-Irish and Anti-Immigration

27. 1st Practice Source

28. 2nd Practice Source • Watch Video Scene from • Gangs of New York

29. 1st Part Assignment • Split into 4 groups. • Hand one copy of 4 documents to each group. • Group is to read the documents and answer the questions on each.

30. 2nd Part of Assignment • Use this information to try and answer the following question: • Were the Irish considered white in the 19th Century America? • Create a T-Chart • 5 pieces of evidence from source shows they were white and 5 for they were not Was White Not White

31. 3rd Part of Assignment • Answer the question. (Conclusion) • Were Irish considered White in 19th Century America? Explain your answer using the documents and cartoons.

33. Asian Immigration

34. Immigration from Asia • Railroads • Thousands were employed to work on the transcontinental railroad • Chinese started in west and Irish workers in the east • Met in Utah. • Chinese • Paid less then whites • Had to supply their own food. • Had the toughest terrain to carve through • US needed workers and Chinese continued to arrive to do the work

35. Chinese Children – Angel Island

36. Immigrants from Asia • Chinese Restrictions 1882-1943 • Nativism – Favoritism towards native-born Americans • Resentment grew toward Chinese (they were taking our jobs) • Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 • Banned all entry of Chinese except Teachers, Students, Merchants, Tourists, and Government Officials • The law continued until 1943

37. Immigration from Asia (Japanese) • Hawaii (Sugar Plantations) • Japan allowed Hawaiians to recruit Japanese workers • Word of competitive pay led more out of Japan • US annexed Hawaii in 1898 which led to more emigration • California (Fruit and Vegetables) • When Hawaii was annexed it opened Japanese to move to California • California climate was ideal to farm • By 1920 – 200,000 Japanese lived on the West Coast

38. Japanese Being Checked for Disease

39. Asian Immigration Reading • Li Keng Wong’s Story • Teacer.scholastic.com/activities/asian-american/angel_island/chapter1.htm • Cause of Immigration • Library.thinkquest.org/20619/Chinese.html

40. Immigration from Mexico

41. Immigration from Mexico • Newlands National Reclamation Act of 1902 • Encouraged irrigation of arid land in West • Created new farmland • Drew many Mexican farm workers northward

42. Immigration from Mexico • Mexican Revolution • Mexico was controlled by Porfirio Diaz (Military Dictator) • Diaz was a friend of the U.S. • Diaz encouraged investment into his country • Uprising • Rich got Richer and Poor got Poorer • Peasants and workers overthrew Diaz and Francisco Madero took control • Madero unable to please everybody was overthrown and General Victoriano Huerta took control. • Madero was assassinated.

43. Immigration from Mexico • Period of Unrest • 5 years of continuous leadership change • U.S. refused to recognize leaders who took over through murder • Prompted more immigration from Mexico • 700,000 people immigrated during this time • 7% of Mexico’s Population