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CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1. The Modern Organization in the Global, Web-Based Environment. CHAPTER OUTLINE. 1.1 Business Processes and Business Process Management 1.2 Information Systems: Concepts and Definitions 1.3 The Global, Web-Based Platform

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CHAPTER 1

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  1. CHAPTER 1 The Modern Organization in the Global, Web-Based Environment

  2. CHAPTER OUTLINE 1.1 Business Processes and Business Process Management 1.2 Information Systems: Concepts and Definitions 1.3 The Global, Web-Based Platform 1.4 Business Pressures, Organizational Responses, and IT Support 1.5 Why Are Information Systems Important to You? 1.6 The Plan of the Book

  3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Describe business processes and discuss business process management • Differentiate among data, information, and knowledge • Differentiate between information technology infrastructure and information technology architecture

  4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES (continued) • Describe the global business environment and the new information technology infrastructure • Discuss the relationships among business pressures, organizational responses, and information systems

  5. Chapter Opening Case Moai on Rapa Nui

  6. Homo Conexus • You are the most connected generation in history • You practice continuous computing • You are surrounded by a personal, movable information network

  7. Personal movable information network And…..laptop in briefcase!

  8. 1.1 Business Processes Business Process Business Process Management

  9. Example of Business Process (Figure 1.1) The next slide shows an example of a business process: Ordering an E-ticket from an airline Web site

  10. Receive Ticket Order Traveler Airline Web Site Seats Available NO Notify Traveler Plan Trip YES Reserve Seats Check Flights NO Frequent Flyer Mileage Sufficient? Use Credit Card? NO Seats Available? NO YES YES Charge Credit Card YES Subtract Mileage Submit Ticket Order Charge OK? NO Notify Traveler Receive e-Ticket YES Confirm Flight(s) Issue e-Ticket

  11. 1.2 Information Systems: Concepts and Definitions Data Item Information Knowledge

  12. Information Systems: Concepts and Definitions (continued) Information Technology Architecture Information Technology Infrastructure

  13. 1.3 The Global, Web-Based Platform • Best represented by the Internet and the World Wide Web • Enables us to connect, compute, communicate, collaborate, and compete everywhere and anytime • Operates without regard to geography, time, distance, and language

  14. The Stages of Globalization (From Thomas Friedman in The World is Flat) • Globalization 1.0 (from 1492 to 1800) • Globalization 2.0 (from 1800 to 2000) • Globalization 3.0 (from 2000 to the present)

  15. Globalization 1.0 Christopher Columbus

  16. Globalization 2.0 (first half) Railroads Steam engine

  17. Globalization 2.0 (second half) Satellites Fiber optics OpenMoko open source smart phone Netbook

  18. Globalization 3.0 3.0 2.0 1.0

  19. Globalization 3.0 (continued) Schematic Map of the Internet

  20. Thomas Friedman’s Ten Flatteners • Fall of the Berlin Wall • Netscape goes public • Development of work-flow software • Uploading • Outsourcing • Offshoring • Supply Chaining • Insourcing • Informing • The Steroids

  21. The Great Convergence We are in a convergence of three powerful, technological forces: (1) Cheap and ubiquitous computing devices (2) Low-cost, high bandwidth (3) Open standards

  22. The Great Convergence (continued) In essence, we have computing everywhere and anywhere, anytime and all the time, with access to limitless amounts of information, services, and entertainment.

  23. The Great Convergence (continued) We have the creation of a global, Web-enabled playing field that allows for multiple forms of collaboration – the sharing of knowledge and work – in real time, without regard to geography, distance, or, in the near future, even language.  The field now includes some 3 billion new people, formerly digitally disenfranchised.

  24. 1.4 Business Pressures, Organizational Responses, and IT Support Business Pressures • Market Pressures • Technology Pressures • Societal Pressures

  25. Market Pressures The Global Economy and Strong Competition The Changing Nature of the Workforce Powerful Customers

  26. Technology Pressures • Technological Innovation and Obsolescence • Information Overload

  27. Technological Innovation and Obsolescence Innovation: Early calculator Obsolescence: Slide Rule Innovation: Telegraph Obsolescence: Pony Express Innovation: iPod nano Obsolescence: old phonograph Innovation: digital camera Obsolescence: old analog camera Innovation: “Credit card” digital camera Innovation: Ford Model T Obsolescence: Horse and Buggy Innovation: Notebook computer with word processing software Obsolescence: Manual typewriter

  28. Societal Pressures • Social Responsibility • Government Regulation and Deregulation • Protection Against Terrorist Attacks • Ethical Issues

  29. Green IT

  30. Social Responsibility Bridging the digital divide: One laptop per child initiative Internet over satellite in developing nations Youth computer club in Cuba

  31. Microlenders (IT’s About Business 1.2)

  32. Organizational Responses • Strategic Systems • Customer Focus • Make-to-Order and mass customization • E-business and E-commerce

  33. 1.5 Why Are Information Systems Important to You? • Information systems and information technologies are integral to your lives • Information systems offer career opportunities • Information systems are used by all functional areas in an organization

  34. Build Your Own Multinational(IT’s About Business 1.4)

  35. Misinformation about Information Systems Career Opportunities • Myth #1: There are no computing jobs. • Myth #2: There will be no IT jobs when I graduate. • Myth #3: All IT-related jobs are moving offshore. • Myth #4: IT salaries are lower due to cheap overseas labor.

  36. 1.6 The Plan of This Book • The major objective of this book is to help you understand the roles of information technologies in today’s digital organizations. • The book is designed to help you think strategically about information systems • The book demonstrates how IT supports all of the functional areas of the organization • Each chapter introduces a major topic in Information Technology

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