SUBSTANCE ABUSE Chapter 13

1. SUBSTANCE ABUSEChapter 13 MIDDLE SCHOOL HEALTH

2. Facts About Drugs What is a drug? A drug is any substance that changes how the mind or body works.

3. Different Kinds Of Drugs

4. DRUGS ARE UNPREDICTABLE Factors that affect a person’s reaction to drugs

5. Medicine • What is Medicine? • A medicine is a drug that is used to cure, treat, or prevent pain, disease, and illness. • When used correctly, medicines can save lives. • When used improperly, medicines can lead to sickness or death. • SIDE EFFECTS- unexpected changes in the body or mind that are caused by medicines.

6. Different Forms of Medicine • Over The Counter Medicines- OTC • These are medicines that can be bought without a doctor’s written orders. • You can buy these at a drug store or grocery store. • OTC’s are used to treat minor problems such as a headache or sore throat. • OTC’s usually have few side effects.

7. Different Forms of Medicine • Prescription Medicines- • These are medicines that can only be bought with a written order or prescription from a doctor or other licensed professional. • These drugs are used to treat, prevent, or cure serious medical problems. • These medicines can have strong side effects.

8. Using Medicines Safely • Follow directions from doctorsand medicine labels. • Never mix drugs unless a doctor tells you to. • Be aware of drug allergies. • Medicine is not always the answer to solve or prevent health problems. Listen to your body and always ask an adult before taking any medication.

9. Illegal Drugs • Marijuana is the most commonly used illegal drug. Other names for marijuana can include: pot, weed, grass. This drug is often smoked from rolled paper called a joint. • Side Effects of Smoking Marijuana: nervousness, increase heart rate, harm your immune system, cause an increase in infections, decrease attention span, affect short term memory, and effect the ability to judge time and distance. • Marijuana is considered a gateway drug- which means that it introduces people to drugs and increases their risk of trying stronger drugs. • Long-Term Effects: Damage to the lungs causing chronic bronchitis and other respiratory problems.

10. Illegal Drugs • Inhalants are chemical products that have strong fumes or odors. • Examples: nail polish remover, paint, glue, household cleaners. • Effects: breathing fumes can cause lightheadedness, dizziness, nosebleeds, nausea, headaches. • Serious Effects: can cause instant death, your heart to stop beating, brain damage, hearing loss, and damage to the kidney, liver, and bones.

11. Illegal Drugs • Anabolic Steroids are drugs that are abused to build muscles and improve athletic ability. Steroids can be used legally when prescribed by a doctor. • Side Effects: stroke or heart attack, high blood pressure, liver and kidney tumors, serious acne, and dangerous behavior. • Young people who use steroids run the risk of stunting their growth.

12. Illegal Drugs • Stimulants are drugs that speed up the brain and heart. They can raise heart rate, blood pressure, and brain activity. These drugs can speed up body processes too much and cause heart attacks, stroke, and death. • Examples: cocaine, caffeine, nicotine.

13. Illegal Drugs • Depressants are drugs that slow the body down. They can slow the body processes so much that it makes it hard for the body to pump blood or get oxygen. Low breathing and heart rates can cause breathing failure, coma and death. • Examples: alcohol, marijuana, sleeping pills.

14. Illegal Drugs • Hallucinogens are strong drugs that can make people see and hear things that do not exist. This can cause people to do dangerous things that they normally wouldn’t do. It can also cause anxiety and depression. • Opiates- a group of drugs that are made from a poppy flower. Some opiates are used as medicine to treat severe pain. All opiate slow heart rate, breathing, and brain activity. Heroin is an illegal opiate that is very dangerous and in large amounts can be fatal.

15. Illegal Drugs • Ecstasy is an illegal drug that is both a stimulant and a hallucinogen. It cause severe dehydration which can lead to death. It raises heart rate and blood pressure which can cause a heart attack and can cause brain damage. • Illegal Drugs Are Very Dangerous. Nobody Monitors Illegal Drugs Which Can Be Mixed With Unknown Chemicals And Change The Drug Effect. There Is Never A Good Reason To Risk Taking An Illegal Drug.

16. Drug Abuse & Addiction • If used correctly, medicine can help people. However, using too much of a drug-even medicine- can cause serious problems. • Drugs become dangerous when they are misused or abused. • Drug Misuse: is the accidental or incorrect use of a drug. Ex. Taking an extra prescription pill. • Drug Abuse: is the purposeful incorrect use of drugs. Ex. Taking pain medication when you are not in pain.

17. Drug Abuse & Addiction • The cost of abusing drugs can be very costly. People who abuse drugs also run the risk of losing their friends, family, & their jobs. It also has high financial costs. Frequent drug use is very expensive. EXPERIMENTATION USING THE DRUG EVERY NOW AND THEN CRAVING AND SEEKING OUR THE DRUG ADDICTION USING THE DRUG VERY OFTEN

18. Drug Abuse & Addiction • Becoming Addicted- When people take strong drugs for a long time, quitting can be very difficult. • Tolerance- is a condition in which a person needs more of a drug to feel the original effects of the drug. • Withdrawal- is a body’s reaction to not having a drug that is usually present in the body. • Signs of withdrawal can include headache, chills, and nausea. People experiencing withdrawal can have trouble paying attention. • Dependence- is the need to take a drug in order to feel normal. If you are dependent on a drug and need it everyday then you are ADDICTED. • Drug Addiction- is the failure to control one’s use of a drug.

19. Drug Abuse & Addiction • Decision making skills- drugs change the way your mind works. This means that making healthy decisions while abusing drugs is difficult. • Can influence your decision about having sex which can lead to disease or an unwanted pregnancy. • Can influence how you spend your time. Things that were once important to you may no longer matter. • Can influence your relationships. It can cause you to neglect friends and family • Can influence your decision about healthy activities. It can cause you to spend time using drugs or finding ways to get more drugs.

20. Recovery • Recovering from a drug addiction is very hard. • Withdrawal from an addiction can be painful and even dangerous. It is painful because the body is used to large amounts of a drug. When you stop taking the drug a major change in body chemistry takes place. • Sometimes withdrawal even requires medical help. • The time needed for recovery from withdrawal varies depending on the type of drug addiction.

21. Injection Drug Use Injection Drug Use – injecting a drug with a needle. Physical Dangers Associated With Injecting Drugs • HIV Infection 8. Brain Hemorrhage 15. Stroke • Hepatitis B & C 9. Tissue Damage 16. Blood Poisoning • Abscess 10. Cardiac Arrest • Nerve Damage 11. Drug Addiction • Overdose 12. Blood Clot • Allergic Reaction 13. Needle Breaks in Vein • Needle Breaks 14. Heart Attack

22. Injection Drugs • Drugs Most Commonly Used in Injecting\ • 1. Cocaine • 2. Heroin • 3. Steroids • 3 Ways Drugs are Injected • 1. Just beneath the skin • 2. Directly into the vein • 3. Directly into the muscle