Chapter 3 Notes

1. Chapter 3 Notes Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, and Interjections

2. The Verb • A verb is a word that expresses action or state of being. • An action verb is a verb that expresses either physical or mental activity. • The owls hooted all night. • A linking verb is a verb that expresses a state of being. • A linking verb connects, or links, the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes the subject. • Denzel Washington is an actor.

3. Verbs, cont’d • A helping verb helps the main verb express action or a state of being. • The packages were sent to 401 Maple Street. • A transitive verb is a verb that expresses an action directed toward a person, a place, a thing, or an idea. • Example: Derrick greeted the visitors. • An intransitive verb expresses action (or tells something about the subject) without the action passing to a receiver, or object. • Example: The train stopped.

4. The Adverb • An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. • Adverbs answer the following questions: • Where? How often? • When? How long? • How? To what extent? • The sprinter ran swiftly. (How?) • I read the funny pages early on Sunday morning. (When?)

5. Prepositions • A preposition is a word that shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word. • Example: The cat walked through the door. • A prepositional phrase includes the preposition, a noun, or pronoun called the object of preposition, and any modifiers of that object. • Fred stood in front of us.

6. The Conjunction • A conjunction is a word that joins words or word groups. • Coordinating conjunctions join words or word groups that are used in the same way. • Jill or Jan; strict but fair • Correlative conjunctions are pairs of conjunctions that join words or word groups that are used in the same way. • Both Bill Russell and Larry Bird played for the team.

7. The Interjection • An interjection is a word that expresses emotion. • Ouch! That hurts! • Goodness! What a haircut!