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Containment: Normative Frontier in German Metropolitan Areas

Explore the concept of containment and its impact on urban planning in German metropolitan areas, with a focus on Wiesbaden. Learn about the challenges of balancing increased nature conservancy concerns and housing shortage.

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Containment: Normative Frontier in German Metropolitan Areas

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  1. Containment: a normative frontierGerman metropolitanareasbetween „Innen- and Außenentwicklung“ Dr. Ute Knippenberger architectandplanner City of Wiesbaden Department of urban planning, head of urban design ute.knippenberger@wiesbaden.de

  2. GermanyMetropolitan Areas Berlin Cologne Frankfurt/Main Munich Source: BBSR 2016, Bonn

  3. Rhine-MainMetropolitanArea Source: Regionales Monitoring 2015, Regionalverband, Frankfurt am Main

  4. 290.743 populationtoday Wiesbaden 2014 bis 2030 + ca. 17.000 inhabitants • State capital of Hessen • Adminstrativecenter, e.g. Federal criminalpoliceoffice (BKA) • Headquarter U.S. Army • 203 km2 area • Chemical industries • Famouswineregion • Historicalspatown • 19th centuryarchitecture

  5. Preparatory land-use plan Wiesbaden

  6. Thesis • Containment instrumentsandincreasednatureconservancyconcerns in German planninglegislationhaveresulted in an activationofpotentialswithinthebuiltenvironment (Innenentwicklung) but areand will exacerbatehousingshortageastheyarepreventingdevelopment at the urban fringes (Außenentwicklung). • Indicatorsarecrowdingeffectsand a continousgrowth in housingprices in the urban agglomerations, herethe Rhine-Main conurbation.

  7. Structure • Federal system • State: Länder • District: Region • Metropolregion • County: Kreis • City: Stadt Source: Academy for Spatial Research and Planning: The Planning System and Planning Terms in Germany, Elke Pahl-Weber, Dietrich Henckel (Eds.), Hanover 2008

  8. Containment policies in German planning built-up area- Innenbereich Binding land-use plan § 30 BauGB § 35 BauGB (Baugesetzbuch) § 34 BauGB open range - Außenbereich

  9. Legal structure • Baugesetzbuch + Baunutzungsverordnung • National Planning Law + Land-Use-Code • UVP-Gesetz implementationof Nr. 85/337/EWG followedby Nr. 97/11/EG 2001 • Dutytoeleborate an environmental report • environmental auditinghasbecomeobligatorialfor all bindingplans 2004 (exc. §13 und §13a BauGB) • Climateprotectionandadaptation („Klimanovelle“ 2011) • Innenentwicklung (2013)

  10. Amendments in planninglaw„Baugesetzbuch“ „30-Hektar-goal sustainability“ acceleration §13a Bebauungsplan der Innenentwicklung §13b Bebauungsplan der Außenentwicklung EAG Bau UVP-Pflicht „Klimanovelle“ Innen- vor Außenentwicklung complexity Source: Owndiagram

  11. Housingmarketindicators* * Numbers for Frankfurt/Main; Source: Institut Wohnen und Umwelt, Darmstadt 2019

  12. Housingpricessince 2008 compared Source: Eurostat / Institut Wohnen und Umwelt, Darmstadt 2019

  13. Growth factormigration Source: Regionales Monitoring 2019, Regionalverband, Frankfurt am Main

  14. Job market + crowdingeffects Source: Regionales Monitoring 2019, Regionalverband, Frankfurt am Main

  15. Housingdeficitandcompletedunits Source: Regionales Entwicklungskonzept 2019, AS&P / Regierungspräsidium Darmstadt Source: Regionales Monitoring 2019, Regionalverband, Frankfurt am Main

  16. Instruments of Innenentwicklung Source: Regionales Entwicklungskonzept 2019, AS&P / Regierungspräsidium Darmstadt

  17. Potentials for „Außenentwicklung“ Source: Regionales Entwicklungskonzept 2019, AS&P / Regierungspräsidium Darmstadt

  18. Conclusion • Growth derivesmainlyfrommigration at different levels • Natural populationgrowthhasbecomestable • Housingdemandsaregenerally not met • Demandsaremetmostly in Frankfurt • Manycitiesareusingacceleratedplanninginstruments • Further mitigationofdemands will result in development outside built-uparea

  19. Perspective for Wiesbaden Stadtentwicklungsmassnahme – Urban development measure Biotop Siedlung „Fort Biehler“ Exploration area Ostfeld Tier- und Cyperuspark

  20. Rhine-Main landscape

  21. A districtfortheregion FFM OF WI Ostfeld M Z DA

  22. Polarisation • Enhancementofplaningcomplexity due to environmental protectionandadaptationtoclimatechange • Skyrocketinghousingprices • Impossibilitytomeetdemands • Action groupsopposingdevelopment Where do wegofromhere?

  23. Containment: a normative frontierGerman metropolitanareasbetween „Innen- and Außenentwicklung“ Dr. Ute Knippenberger architectandplanner City of Wiesbaden Department of urban planning ute.knippenberger@wiesbaden.de

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