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Main slide. Belladonna leaves. Common names Description & plant origin Constituents Atropine Hyoscine, Hyoscyamine and scopolamine Medications Drug interactions Contra-indications. Thin, long- pointed. Black cherry. Main slide. Main slide. Dr. Jaradat.N.A. Flowers pale purple.

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  1. Main slide • Belladonna leaves. • Common names • Description & plant origin • Constituents • Atropine • Hyoscine, Hyoscyamine and scopolamine • Medications • Drug interactions • Contra-indications

  2. Thin, long- pointed Black cherry Main slide

  3. Main slide Dr. Jaradat.N.A

  4. Flowers pale purple Main slide Dr. Jaradat.N.A

  5. Main slide Black cherry Dr. Jaradat.N.A

  6. Flowers pale purple Main slide Dr. Jaradat.N.A

  7. Black cherry Purple flower Belladonnine toxic alkaloid Main slide

  8. Main slide

  9. Belladonna leaves: Deadly night shade leaves: Black Cherry leaves Folia Belladonnae Atropa belladonna Family:Solanaceae Main slide

  10. Belladonna gained its name during the Middle Ages, when beautiful young women used it to dilate their pupils. Main slide

  11. Perennial herbaceous plant (1m)height • Flowers pale purple . • Fruits black (black cherry). • The leaves are thin, long- pointed . • Odor : odorless . • Taste : bitter. • Native land : Central and Southern Europe . Main slide

  12. Chemical constituents : Alkaloids tropane group (0.4%) • Atropine • Hyoscyamine • Scopolamine • Hyoscine Main slide

  13. Atropine • Dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red as a beet, and mad as a hatter. Main slide

  14. OverdosageThe following side effects are usually warning signs of overdose: 1.red skin 2. dry mouth. 3.abnormally fast heartbeat. 4.prolonged pupil dilation. 5.inability to focus. 6. overheating due to reduction of perspiration. 7. difficult urination. 8.severe constipation. • High doses lead to symptoms such as restlessness, compulsion to talk, hallucinations, delirium, and manic attacks followed by sleep. Main slide

  15. Doses of 5 to 50 grams (about 1 teaspoon to 3 tablespoons) can prove fatal for adults. • Much smaller doses are fatal in children. • Death usually results from asphyxiation. Main slide

  16. 1- Atropine : anticholinergic agent : a) Pharmacological effects & Uses Main slide

  17. b) Antispasmodic decrease intestinal hyper motility . c) Pupil dilator (mydriasis effect ) in the eyes surgery and in the eyes examinations . d) Parasympatholytic agent antidote in case of poisoning from: 1- pilocarpine 2-physostigmine 3-organophosphate insecticides. 4- Treatment of Intoxication by Amanita muscaria (toxic Mushroom). e) CNS stimulant (very dangerous to be used as CNS stimulant). Main slide

  18. 2- Scopolamine (CNS depressant ) : treatment of motion sickness (nausea & vomiting ).antimuscarinic agent. 3- Hyoscyamine : control gastric secretions& intestinal hyper motility in treatment of peptic ulcer and colic's . 4- hyoscine : sedative effect used in case of colic's (renal and intestinal colic's ) Main slide

  19. DrugsAtropine sulphate®:(Teva):1mg amp.a)reduction of salivation& bronchial secretions. b)poisons & toxic gases antidote c) before surgical operations to reduce secretions. Main slide

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  21. Bilacton® : Trima :Dragees: Cascara bark+ Frangula bark + Belladonna dry extract. • Indications : Constipation including chronic and acute. Main slide

  22. Laxative® : Trima : Dragees : Aloin+ Aloe vera powder +Ipecac + Belladonna dry extract Indications: Constipation. • Laxative Comp®: Teva : Tablets : Aloin+ Aloe vera powder + pulv. Ipecac + Belladonna dry extract • Laxative effect. Main slide

  23. Possible Drug InteractionsBelladonna can increase the side effects of the following drugs: I. Amantadine : (Paritrel®- Trima-Dragees). 1. Dopaminergic agent/Parkinson’s disease. 2.Viral replication inhibitor/ Prophylaxes and tmt of influenza. II. Quinidine: class 1 anti-arrhythmic agent (Quiniduran® -Teva/ Quinidine sulphate®–Trima-Tab.) III. Tricyclic antidepressant medications such as Imipramine- Tofranil®- Novartis-Tabs Main slide

  24. CONTRA-INDICATIONS:Atropine is contra-indicated in patients with prostatic enlargement and glaucoma. Main slide

  25. The best dose of Atropine before surgical operations: • Children (above 1 year of age):0,010 mg –0,020 mg/kg body mass. • Adults: 0,3 mg –0,6 mg I.M., about one hour before anaesthesia.   Main slide

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