English 1301 2 nd week

1. English 1301 2nd week Sec 15/16

2. You can challenge your grade if you’re not satisfied with it. • However, since I will reread your work and disregard your initial grade, it is possible that I give you a lower grade than you initially receive. • Therefore, please make sure you are 100% positive that you will receive a better grade. About Grading

3. Read an assignment instruction VERY CAREFULLY. Do you meet a word count? Do you answer all the questions you are asked? Please do not include a heading that indicates your name, instructor’s name, and date. About assignments in general

4. Review from the last week • Rhetoric is a manner of speech to influence the reader • Ethos: trustworthiness • Pathos: emotion • Logos: logic • Any questions about Raider Writer? Or St. Martin’s Handbook?

5. Page 4 of First Year Writing (hereafter FYW): Reading rhetorically means… 1)To read with attention how your purposes for reading may or may not match an author’s purposes for writing 2) To recognize the methods that authors use to try to accomplish their purposes. Well, what does it mean? Reading rhetorically?

6. What question does the text address, explicitly or implicitly? • Who is the intended audience? • How does the author support his or her thesis with reasons and evidence? • How does the author hook the intended reader’s interest and keep the reader reading? • How does the author make himself or herself seem credible to the intended audience? • How do I respond to this text? From the 8 questions in First-Year Writing

7. Summary & Paraphrase

8. Summary includes… • A concise articulation of the main idea(s) of articles. • Authors’ purpose • Intended audiences. • Why do we need to summarize when you write a rhetorical analysis paper? What is summary?

9. In a dystopian future, the totalitarian nation of Panem is divided between 12 districts and the Capitol. Each year two young representatives from each district are selected by lottery to participate in The Hunger Games. Part entertainment, part brutal retribution for a past rebellion, the televised games are broadcast throughout Panem. The 24 participants are forced to eliminate their competitors while the citizens of Panem are required to watch. When 16-year-old Katniss's young sister, Prim, is selected as District 12's female representative, Katniss volunteers to take her place. She and her male counterpart Peeta, are pitted against bigger, stronger representatives, some of whom have trained for this their whole lives. Summary examples The Hunger Games (2012)

10. Paraphrase is… • Restatement of an original text in YOUR OWN WORDS. • It often concerns a particular passage or action (see the difference from summary) • Do not change words sporadically (it is not a paraphrase!). Paraphrase

11. The cause of autism has also been a matter of dispute. Its incidence is about one in a thousand, and it occurs throughout the world, its features remarkably consistent even in extremely different cultures. It is often not recognized in the first year of life, but tends to become obvious in the second or third year. Though Asperger regarded it as a biological defect of affective contact—innate, inborn, analogous to a physical or intellectual defect—Kanner tended to view it as a psychogenic disorder, a reflection of bad parenting, and most especially of a chillingly remote, often professional, "refrigerator mother." At this time, autism was often regarded as "defensive" in nature, or confused with childhood schizophrenia. A whole generation of parents—mothers, particularly—were made to feel guilty for the autism of their children. Original paragraph

12. The cause of the condition autism has been disputed. It occurs in approximately one in a thousand children, and it exists in all parts of the world, its characteristics strikingly similar in vastly differing cultures. The condition is often not noticeable in the child's first year, yet it becomes more apparent as the child reaches the ages of two or three. Although Asperger saw the condition as a biological defect of the emotions that was inborn and therefore similar to a physical defect, Kanner saw it as psychological in origin, as reflecting poor parenting and particularly a frigidly distant mother. During this period, autism was often seen as a defense mechanism, or it was misdiagnosed as childhood schizophrenia. An entire generation of mothers and fathers (but especially mothers) were made to feel responsible for their offspring's autism (Sacks 247-48). Bad example

13. In "An Anthropologist on Mars," Sacks lists some of the known facts about autism. We know, for example, that the condition occurs in roughly one out of every thousand children. We also know that the characteristics of autism do not vary from one culture to the next. And we know that the condition is difficult to diagnose until the child has entered its second or third year of life. As Sacks points out, often a child who goes on to develop autism will still appear perfectly normal at the age of one (247). Sacks observes, however, that researchers have had a hard time agreeing on the causes of autism. He sketches the diametrically opposed positions of Asperger and Kanner. On the one hand, Asperger saw the condition as representing a constitutional defect in the child's ability to make meaningful emotional contact with the external world. On the other hand, Kanner regarded autism as a consequence of harmful childrearing practices. For many years confusion about this condition reigned. One unfortunate consequence of this confusion, Sacks suggests, was the burden of guilt imposed on so many parents for their child's condition (247-448). Good example

14. First-Year Writing: Chapter 2 pp. 16-21; Chapter 3 pp. 37-46, 51-61 • St. Martin's Handbook: Chapter 12 f 2, "Paraphrases" & Chapter 12 f 3, "Summaries"; Write on Tutorials, "Summarizing and Paraphrasing Sources" • Audio Lesson: Introduction to Rhetorical Analysis Assignment for next week 1

15. No BA for next week! • However, please write a summary of Diamond’s “Ethnobiological Dilemma” pp556-562. And write a paraphrase for pp 558, paragraph 11: “Shocked by this gross failure…” Assignment for next week 2